בישל — to cook

בישל bishél, “cook, boil,” is regular pi'el, root ב־שׁ־ל. Its first radical demonstrates a living begadkefat alternation: word-initial בּ is hard b in בִּישֵּׁל, but after the prefixes of לְבַשֵּׁל and מְבַשֵּׁל it is soft v. The verb can take a cooked thing as its object or stand naturally with no object at all.

Complete paradigm

PersonPastFuture
אניבִּישַּׁלְתִּי bisháltiאֲבַשֵּׁל avashél
אתהבִּישַּׁלְתָּ bisháltaתְּבַשֵּׁל tevashél
אתבִּישַּׁלְתְּ bisháltתְּבַשְּׁלִי tevashlí
הואבִּישֵּׁל bishélיְבַשֵּׁל yevashél
היאבִּישְּׁלָה bishláתְּבַשֵּׁל tevashél
אנחנובִּישַּׁלְנוּ bishálnuנְבַשֵּׁל nevashél
אתם / אתןבִּישַּׁלְתֶּם / בִּישַּׁלְתֶּן bisháltem / bisháltenתְּבַשְּׁלוּ tevashlú
הם / הןבִּישְּׁלוּ bishlúיְבַשְּׁלוּ yevashlú
Form typeFormsUse
presentמְבַשֵּׁל mevashél · מְבַשֶּׁלֶת mevashélet · מְבַשְּׁלִים mevashlím · מְבַשְּׁלוֹת mevashlótneutral
imperativeבַּשֵּׁל bashél · בַּשְּׁלִי bashlí · בַּשְּׁלוּ bashlútrue imperative; future commands are common in speech
infinitiveלְבַשֵּׁל levashélneutral
action nounבִּישּׁוּל bishúlcooking; boiling
pu'al resultמְבוּשָּׁל mevushálcooked

Careful plural past is bishaltém / bishaltén; conversation normally retracts the stress as in the table. Dedicated feminine-plural תבשלנה is (formal or literary). Everyday instructions often use the future-shaped תבשל / תבשלי / תבשלו instead of the true imperative.

מי מבשל אצלכם בבית בדרך כלל?

mi mevashél etslekhém babáyit bedérekh klal?

Who usually cooks at your place? (to a mixed or male group)

הוא לא יודע לבשל בכלל, אז הזמנו אוכל.

hu lo yodéa levashél bikhlál, az hizmánu ókhel.

He can't cook at all, so we ordered food.

💡
Say the four anchors aloud: בִּישֵּׁלbishél, but מְבַשֵּׁל – יְבַשֵּׁל – לְבַשֵּׁלmevashél – yevashél – levashél. The unpointed letter ב stays the same while its pronunciation changes.

An object—or no object

בישל is transitive when a food is named. An indefinite food is bare—בישלתי מרק—and a definite food takes אתבישלתי את המרק. Yet the verb is also idiomatic without an object: אני מבשל היום means “I'm cooking today,” with the meal understood from context. English permits this too, but learners sometimes overcorrect after learning Hebrew's object marker.

בישלתי סיר גדול של מרק עדשים כדי שיישאר גם למחר.

bishálti sir gadól shel marák adashím kdei sheyisha'ér gam lemakhár.

I made a big pot of lentil soup so there would be some left for tomorrow.

אמא בישלה כל היום לקראת הארוחה המשפחתית.

íma bishlá kol hayóm likrát ha'arukhá hamishpakhtít.

Mum cooked all day in preparation for the family meal.

אני מבשלת היום; אתה יכול להביא סלט?

aní mevashélet hayóm; atá yakhól lehaví salát?

I'm cooking today; can you bring a salad? (f. speaker, to a man)

Pu'al מבושל describes the result. It commonly combines with היטב “thoroughly/well,” חצי “half-,” or a degree phrase. לא מבושל can mean uncooked or insufficiently cooked depending on context.

העוף מבושל היטב, אבל האורז עדיין קצת קשה.

ha'óf mevushál heitév, avál ha'órez adáyin ktsat kashé.

The chicken is thoroughly cooked, but the rice is still a little hard.

Hebrew divides the kitchen into specific verbs

English cook can cover a whole meal or nearly any heat treatment. General בישל does broad work in Hebrew too, but a specific technique normally selects a specific verb.

VerbCore techniqueModel
בִּישֵּׁל bishélcooked; boiled or simmeredבישל מרק
אָפָה afábakedאפה לחם / עוגה
טִיגֵּן tigénfriedטיגן בצל
צָלָה tsalároasted or grilledצלה ירקות / בשר
הִרְתִּיחַ hirtíakhbrought to the boilהרתיח מים
חִימֵּם khimémheated or reheatedחימם את המרק

The distinction between בישל מים and הרתיח מים matters. The first sounds like water was kept cooking in a broader preparation; the ordinary way to say “boil the water” is להרתיח מים, because the intended result is reaching boiling point.

תטגני את הבצל קודם, ואז תוסיפי את העגבניות.

tetagní et habatsál kódem, ve'áz tosífi et ha'agvaniyót.

Fry the onion first, and then add the tomatoes. (to a woman)

רק תחמם את המרק; אל תרתיח אותו שוב.

rak tekhamém et hamarák; al tartíakh otó shuv.

Just heat the soup; don't bring it to the boil again. (to a man)

💡
Use the general verb when the meal matters—מי מבשל היום? Use the technical verb when the method matters—לטגן בצל, לאפות לחם, להרתיח מים. English cook often leaves that distinction unstated.

Recipe language

Recipe instructions often avoid addressing a particular reader. One current convention uses the bare infinitive: לבשל על אש קטנה, “cook over low heat.” Another, especially widespread on Israeli food sites, uses an impersonal masculine plural: מבשלים על אש קטנה. Both avoid the gendered singular imperative בשל / בשלי. The annotated recipe compares the two conventions in full.

לבשל על אש קטנה במשך עשרים דקות ולערבב מדי פעם.

levashél al esh ktaná beméshekh esrím dakót ule'arbév midéi pá'am.

Cook over low heat for twenty minutes and stir occasionally. (recipe-style infinitive)

מבשלים עשרים דקות, עד שהירקות רכים.

mevashlím esrím dakót, ad shehayerakót rakím.

Cook for twenty minutes, until the vegetables are tender. (impersonal recipe plural)

The noun family includes ספר בישול “cookbook,” בישול ביתי “home cooking,” תוכנית בישול “cooking program,” and גז לבישול “cooking gas.” These use בישול, while a person who cooks professionally is טבח / טבחית; מבשל simply describes what someone is doing.

זאת תוכנית הבישול היחידה שאני באמת רואה כל שבוע.

zot tokhnít habishúl hayekhidá she'aní be'emét ro'é kol shavúa.

That's the only cooking show I actually watch every week. (m. speaker)

Key Takeaways

  • Initial ב alternates: בישל has b, while מבשל, יבשל, לבשל have v.
  • The food is a direct object, but אני מבשל היום is complete and natural without one.
  • Use אפה, טיגן, צלה, הרתיח and חימם when the specific cooking technique matters.
  • Recipes use the infinitive or impersonal present plural; the gendered imperative is not the neutral page-wide convention.
  • בישול is cooking; מבושל is cooked.

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