בישל bishél, “cook, boil,” is regular pi'el, root ב־שׁ־ל. Its first radical demonstrates a living begadkefat alternation: word-initial בּ is hard b in בִּישֵּׁל, but after the prefixes of לְבַשֵּׁל and מְבַשֵּׁל it is soft v. The verb can take a cooked thing as its object or stand naturally with no object at all.
Complete paradigm
| Person | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|
| אני | בִּישַּׁלְתִּי bishálti | אֲבַשֵּׁל avashél |
| אתה | בִּישַּׁלְתָּ bishálta | תְּבַשֵּׁל tevashél |
| את | בִּישַּׁלְתְּ bishált | תְּבַשְּׁלִי tevashlí |
| הוא | בִּישֵּׁל bishél | יְבַשֵּׁל yevashél |
| היא | בִּישְּׁלָה bishlá | תְּבַשֵּׁל tevashél |
| אנחנו | בִּישַּׁלְנוּ bishálnu | נְבַשֵּׁל nevashél |
| אתם / אתן | בִּישַּׁלְתֶּם / בִּישַּׁלְתֶּן bisháltem / bishálten | תְּבַשְּׁלוּ tevashlú |
| הם / הן | בִּישְּׁלוּ bishlú | יְבַשְּׁלוּ yevashlú |
| Form type | Forms | Use |
|---|---|---|
| present | מְבַשֵּׁל mevashél · מְבַשֶּׁלֶת mevashélet · מְבַשְּׁלִים mevashlím · מְבַשְּׁלוֹת mevashlót | neutral |
| imperative | בַּשֵּׁל bashél · בַּשְּׁלִי bashlí · בַּשְּׁלוּ bashlú | true imperative; future commands are common in speech |
| infinitive | לְבַשֵּׁל levashél | neutral |
| action noun | בִּישּׁוּל bishúl | cooking; boiling |
| pu'al result | מְבוּשָּׁל mevushál | cooked |
Careful plural past is bishaltém / bishaltén; conversation normally retracts the stress as in the table. Dedicated feminine-plural תבשלנה is (formal or literary). Everyday instructions often use the future-shaped תבשל / תבשלי / תבשלו instead of the true imperative.
מי מבשל אצלכם בבית בדרך כלל?
mi mevashél etslekhém babáyit bedérekh klal?
Who usually cooks at your place? (to a mixed or male group)
הוא לא יודע לבשל בכלל, אז הזמנו אוכל.
hu lo yodéa levashél bikhlál, az hizmánu ókhel.
He can't cook at all, so we ordered food.
An object—or no object
בישל is transitive when a food is named. An indefinite food is bare—בישלתי מרק—and a definite food takes את—בישלתי את המרק. Yet the verb is also idiomatic without an object: אני מבשל היום means “I'm cooking today,” with the meal understood from context. English permits this too, but learners sometimes overcorrect after learning Hebrew's object marker.
בישלתי סיר גדול של מרק עדשים כדי שיישאר גם למחר.
bishálti sir gadól shel marák adashím kdei sheyisha'ér gam lemakhár.
I made a big pot of lentil soup so there would be some left for tomorrow.
אמא בישלה כל היום לקראת הארוחה המשפחתית.
íma bishlá kol hayóm likrát ha'arukhá hamishpakhtít.
Mum cooked all day in preparation for the family meal.
אני מבשלת היום; אתה יכול להביא סלט?
aní mevashélet hayóm; atá yakhól lehaví salát?
I'm cooking today; can you bring a salad? (f. speaker, to a man)
Pu'al מבושל describes the result. It commonly combines with היטב “thoroughly/well,” חצי “half-,” or a degree phrase. לא מבושל can mean uncooked or insufficiently cooked depending on context.
העוף מבושל היטב, אבל האורז עדיין קצת קשה.
ha'óf mevushál heitév, avál ha'órez adáyin ktsat kashé.
The chicken is thoroughly cooked, but the rice is still a little hard.
Hebrew divides the kitchen into specific verbs
English cook can cover a whole meal or nearly any heat treatment. General בישל does broad work in Hebrew too, but a specific technique normally selects a specific verb.
| Verb | Core technique | Model |
|---|---|---|
| בִּישֵּׁל bishél | cooked; boiled or simmered | בישל מרק |
| אָפָה afá | baked | אפה לחם / עוגה |
| טִיגֵּן tigén | fried | טיגן בצל |
| צָלָה tsalá | roasted or grilled | צלה ירקות / בשר |
| הִרְתִּיחַ hirtíakh | brought to the boil | הרתיח מים |
| חִימֵּם khimém | heated or reheated | חימם את המרק |
The distinction between בישל מים and הרתיח מים matters. The first sounds like water was kept cooking in a broader preparation; the ordinary way to say “boil the water” is להרתיח מים, because the intended result is reaching boiling point.
תטגני את הבצל קודם, ואז תוסיפי את העגבניות.
tetagní et habatsál kódem, ve'áz tosífi et ha'agvaniyót.
Fry the onion first, and then add the tomatoes. (to a woman)
רק תחמם את המרק; אל תרתיח אותו שוב.
rak tekhamém et hamarák; al tartíakh otó shuv.
Just heat the soup; don't bring it to the boil again. (to a man)
Recipe language
Recipe instructions often avoid addressing a particular reader. One current convention uses the bare infinitive: לבשל על אש קטנה, “cook over low heat.” Another, especially widespread on Israeli food sites, uses an impersonal masculine plural: מבשלים על אש קטנה. Both avoid the gendered singular imperative בשל / בשלי. The annotated recipe compares the two conventions in full.
לבשל על אש קטנה במשך עשרים דקות ולערבב מדי פעם.
levashél al esh ktaná beméshekh esrím dakót ule'arbév midéi pá'am.
Cook over low heat for twenty minutes and stir occasionally. (recipe-style infinitive)
מבשלים עשרים דקות, עד שהירקות רכים.
mevashlím esrím dakót, ad shehayerakót rakím.
Cook for twenty minutes, until the vegetables are tender. (impersonal recipe plural)
The noun family includes ספר בישול “cookbook,” בישול ביתי “home cooking,” תוכנית בישול “cooking program,” and גז לבישול “cooking gas.” These use בישול, while a person who cooks professionally is טבח / טבחית; מבשל simply describes what someone is doing.
זאת תוכנית הבישול היחידה שאני באמת רואה כל שבוע.
zot tokhnít habishúl hayekhidá she'aní be'emét ro'é kol shavúa.
That's the only cooking show I actually watch every week. (m. speaker)
Key Takeaways
- Initial ב alternates: בישל has b, while מבשל, יבשל, לבשל have v.
- The food is a direct object, but אני מבשל היום is complete and natural without one.
- Use אפה, טיגן, צלה, הרתיח and חימם when the specific cooking technique matters.
- Recipes use the infinitive or impersonal present plural; the gendered imperative is not the neutral page-wide convention.
- בישול is cooking; מבושל is cooked.
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