English can say to me, at my place, for me, and next to me with a separate pronoun each time. Hebrew packages all four as single words: אליי, אצלי, בשבילי, לידי. The meanings are different, but most of the suffix machinery is shared.
The structural split matters. אל takes plural-style suffixes—אליי, אליו—while אצל, בשביל, and ליד take ordinary singular-noun suffixes—אצלי/אצלו, בשבילי/בשבילו, לידי/לידו. The complete ten-person paradigms are on the full inflection tables; this page builds the productive core and keeps the four meanings apart.
אליי: motion or orientation toward someone
אל marks a directional target. With pronouns, its forms are neutral and productive even where everyday speech would normally prefer ל־ before an ordinary noun. The אל page handles that noun-level choice.
| Person | Form | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| to/toward me | אֵלַיי — אליי | elái |
| to/toward you (m. sg.) | אֵלֶיךָ — אליך | elékha |
| to/toward you (f. sg.) | אֵלַיִיךְ — אלייך | eláyikh |
| to/toward him | אֵלָיו — אליו | eláv |
| to/toward her | אֵלֶיהָ — אליה | eléha |
| to/toward us | אֵלֵינוּ — אלינו | eléinu |
| to/toward you (m./mixed pl.) | אֲלֵיכֶם — אליכם | aleikhém; modern speech also eleikhém |
Pealim lists normative אֲלֵיכֶם beside modern אֵלֵיכֶם. The difference is the opening vowel, not the spelling: both appear unpointed as אליכם. Use the modern pronunciation in ordinary conversation and recognize the classical/normative pointing in careful texts.
בוא אליי אחרי העבודה ונכין משהו לאכול.
bo elái akharéi ha'avodá venakhín máshehu le'ekhól
Come over to my place after work and we'll make something to eat. (to a man; informal)
היא פנתה אליו כי הוא מטפל בבקשות האלה.
hi pantá eláv ki hu metapél babakashót ha'éle
She approached him because he handles those applications. (neutral)
אצלי: at someone’s place or in their possession
אצל has no one-word English equivalent. Depending on context, אצלי can mean “at my home/office,” “with me,” or “in my possession.” It locates something in a person's sphere; it does not itself express movement toward that sphere.
| Person | Form | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| at/with me | אֶצְלִי — אצלי | etslí |
| at/with you (m. sg.) | אֶצְלְךָ — אצלך | etslekhá |
| at/with you (f. sg.) | אֶצְלֵךְ — אצלך | etslékh |
| at/with him | אֶצְלוֹ — אצלו | etsló |
| at/with her | אֶצְלָהּ — אצלה | etslá |
| at/with us | אֶצְלֵנוּ — אצלנו | etslénu |
Unpointed אצלך is homographic: etslekhá addresses a man, while etslékh addresses a woman. The vowels and stress change even though the written form does not.
הוא היה אצלה כל הערב ועזר לה לארוז.
hu hayá etslá kol ha'érev ve'azár la le'eróz
He was at her place all evening and helped her pack.
הדרכון אצלנו, אפשר לקחת אותו מחר בבוקר.
hadarkón etslénu, efshár lakákhat otó makhár babóker
We have the passport; it can be collected tomorrow morning. (office/service context)
Milog records an older directional use of אצל, as in the fable-like הלך החרגול אצל הנמלה “the grasshopper went to the ant.” That use is literary. In current ordinary speech, movement toward a person takes אליי/אליה or a ל־ phrase; אצל normally locates.
בשבילי: for someone’s benefit or sake
בשביל is historically transparent: Pealim analyzes it as ב־ + שביל, literally “in a path.” Synchronically it is one preposition meaning “for / for the sake of,” and its inflection behaves like the singular noun שביל.
| Person | Form | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| for me | בִּשְׁבִילִי — בשבילי | bishvilí |
| for you (m. sg.) | בִּשְׁבִילְךָ — בשבילך | bishvilkhá |
| for you (f. sg.) | בִּשְׁבִילֵךְ — בשבילך | bishvilékh |
| for him | בִּשְׁבִילוֹ — בשבילו | bishviló |
| for her | בִּשְׁבִילָהּ — בשבילה | bishvilá |
| for us | בִּשְׁבִילֵנוּ — בשבילנו | bishvilénu |
קניתי את הכרטיס הזה בשבילך, אז תשמרי אותו.
kaníti et hakartís hazé bishvilékh, az tishmerí otó
I bought this ticket for you, so keep it safe. (to a woman)
הם ויתרו על החדר הגדול בשבילנו.
hem vitrú al hakhéder hagadól bishvilénu
They gave up the large room for our sake.
The difference between קניתי לך and קניתי בשבילך is emphasis, not grammaticality. Plain ל־ efficiently marks the recipient or beneficiary. בשבילך makes the beneficiary more prominent, often suggesting effort, intention, or contrast.
קניתי לך מתנה קטנה מהשוק.
kaníti lekhá mataná ktaná mehashúk
I bought you a small gift at the market. (ordinary recipient, to a man)
קניתי את המהדורה הזאת במיוחד בשבילך.
kaníti et hamahadurá hazót bimyukhád bishvilkhá
I bought this edition especially for you. (beneficiary emphasized, to a man)
The wider choice among בשביל, עבור, and ל־ belongs on בשביל and עבור.
לידי: next to someone
Pealim analyzes ליד as ל־ + יד, literally “to the hand/side of.” Its suffixes are ordinary possessive endings on the noun יד. In current Hebrew the whole unit means “near / next to.”
| Person | Form | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| next to me | לְיָדִי — לידי | leyadí |
| next to you (m. sg.) | לְיָדְךָ — לידך | leyadkhá |
| next to you (f. sg.) | לְיָדֵךְ — לידך | leyadékh |
| next to him | לְיָדוֹ — לידו | leyadó |
| next to her | לְיָדָהּ — לידה | leyadá |
| next to us | לְיָדֵנוּ — לידנו | leyadénu |
שב לידי, מכאן רואים טוב יותר.
shev leyadí, mikán ro'ím tov yotér
Sit next to me; you can see better from here. (to a man)
המפתחות לידו, אבל הוא לא שם לב.
hamaftekhót leyadó, avál hu lo sam lev
The keys are next to him, but he hasn't noticed.
The 1pl checkpoint
The first-person plural exposes the family difference cleanly:
| Plural-style אל | Singular-style bases |
|---|---|
| אלינו — אֵלֵינוּ eléinu | אצלנו — אֶצְלֵנוּ etslénu |
| בשבילנו — בִּשְׁבִילֵנוּ bishvilénu | |
| לידנו — לְיָדֵנוּ leyadénu |
Do not manufacture אצלינו, בשבילינו, or לידינו by analogy with אלינו. The yod in אלינו belongs to its plural-style suffix family; the other three use the ordinary singular-noun *־נו pattern.
החבילה בדרך אלינו, אבל היא עדיין לא אצלנו.
hakhavilá badérekh eléinu, avál hi adáyin lo etslénu
The parcel is on its way to us, but we don't have it yet. (direction versus possession/location)
אליי versus לי: let the verb select
English to me covers both, so translation alone cannot choose. A dative recipient takes ל־: תן לי “give me,” אמרתי לו “I told him.” A directional or oriented target with a verb that selects אל takes אל: בוא אליי “come to me,” פניתי אליו “I approached/contacted him.”
תן לי רגע, ואז בוא אליי למשרד.
ten li réga, ve'áz bo elái lamisrád
Give me a moment, then come over to my office. (לי recipient; אליי direction, to a man)
אמרתי לו את האמת, אבל הוא עדיין לא פנה אליי.
amárti lo et ha'emét, avál hu adáyin lo paná elái
I told him the truth, but he still hasn't approached me. (לו recipient; אליי target)
Common Mistakes
Keeping English’s separate pronoun
❌ הכנתי את האוכל בשביל אני.
Incorrect — בשביל takes a suffix before a pronoun: בשבילי.
✅ הכנתי את האוכל בשבילי ובשביל הילדים.
hekhánti et ha'ókhel bishvilí uvishvíl hayeladím
I made the food for myself and for the children.
❌ יש מקום פנוי ליד אני.
Incorrect — ליד takes a suffix before a pronoun: לידי.
✅ יש מקום פנוי לידי, את יכולה לשבת פה.
yesh makóm panúy leyadí, at yekholá lashévet po
There's a free seat next to me; you can sit here. (to a woman)
Adding a yod to every first-person plural form
❌ המסמכים עדיין אצלינו.
Incorrect as standard modern spelling — אצל uses ordinary singular-style suffixes, so write אצלנו, without yod.
✅ המסמכים עדיין אצלנו בכספת.
hamismakhím adáyin etslénu bakaséfet
The documents are still with us in the safe.
Treating recipient and beneficiary emphasis as a right/wrong pair
✅ הבאתי לך קפה מהמטבח.
hevéti lekhá kafé mehamitbákh
I brought you coffee from the kitchen. (ordinary recipient, to a man)
✅ שמרתי את הכיסא הזה בשבילך.
shamárti et hakisé hazé bishvilkhá
I saved this chair for you. (beneficiary emphasized, to a man)
Key Takeaways
- אליי expresses a directional target; אצלי locates something at or with a person; בשבילי marks benefit; לידי marks proximity.
- אל takes plural-style endings, but אצל, בשביל, and ליד take ordinary singular-noun suffixes.
- The 1pl checkpoint is אלינו versus אצלנו, בשבילנו, and לידנו—no yod in the last three.
- אליי and לי are selected by Hebrew verb frames, not by the shared English translation “to me.”
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Start learning Hebrew →Related Topics
- אל: To, TowardA2 — Use אל for direction toward a destination, especially before pronoun suffixes and in written Hebrew, while distinguishing it from everyday directional ל־.
- אצל: At Someone's PlaceB1 — אצל locates something in a person's place, keeping or domain—distinctions English often hides inside at, with and have.
- בשביל and עבור: ForA2 — Choose everyday בשביל, written or transactional עבור, and plain ל־ by relation and register rather than translating English ‘for’ mechanically.
- Why עליי Looks PluralC1 — Understand the plural-style suffix family behind עליי, אליו, לפניו, and related prepositions without mistaking the pattern for literal plurality.