Case in Comparisons

English has one word for the second half of a comparison — than — and it is not a preposition, so nothing after it is marked for case. Greek has three ways of doing the same job, and each one assigns a case. The good news is that one of them, από + accusative, covers virtually everything you will ever say out loud. The other two are worth knowing because you will read them constantly: the genitive of comparison in newspapers and formal prose, and παρά in a narrow set of contrasts. This page sorts out which is which and what case each demands.

από + accusative: the everyday answer

Από is one of Greek's everyday prepositions, and every everyday preposition governs the accusative. So whatever follows από in a comparison goes accusative — a noun phrase with its accusative article, or a strong pronoun in its accusative form.

EnglishGreek
than meαπό εμένα / από μένα(shortened, everyday)
than you (sg.)από εσένα / από σένα
than him / herαπό αυτόν / από αυτήν
than us / you (pl.)από εμάς / από εσάς
than themαπό αυτούς / από αυτές / από αυτά
than my brotherαπό τον αδερφό μου

Είναι πιο ψηλός από τον αδερφό του, αν και είναι δύο χρόνια μικρότερος.

íne pio psilós apó ton adherfó tu, an ke íne dhío chrónia mikróteros

He's taller than his brother, even though he's two years younger.

Δουλεύει πιο σκληρά από εμένα και παίρνει τα μισά λεφτά.

dhulévi pio sklirá apó eména ke pérni ta misá leftá

She works harder than I do and gets half the money.

Το σπίτι τους είναι πιο μεγάλο από το δικό μας, αλλά πιο κρύο.

to spíti tus íne pio meghálo apó to dhikó mas, alá pio krío

Their house is bigger than ours, but colder.

The pronoun rule is the one to nail down, because English is misleading here. Colloquial English says taller than me but formal English says taller than I, and learners who were taught the second version reach for the Greek nominative εγώ. Greek has no such debate: after a preposition the nominative is impossible, so it is από εμένα, always. This is the same accusative you meet after με, για, σε, χωρίς — see Accusative after prepositions.

Ήρθαν περισσότεροι από πενήντα άνθρωποι στην παρουσίαση.

írthan perisóteri apó penínda ánthropi stin parusíasi

More than fifty people came to the presentation.

Note that with a numeral or an adverb there is no visible case at all (από πενήντα, από σήμερα) — the construction is the same, the marking simply has nowhere to land.

The genitive of comparison: correct, and clearly elevated

Ancient Greek marked the standard of comparison with a bare genitive, and Modern Greek has kept the construction alive in its formal register. It is not an error and it is not archaic; it is what a leader column, a court ruling or a school textbook writes. Compare the two versions of a single sentence:

Είναι πιο ψηλός από τον αδερφό του.

íne pio psilós apó ton adherfó tu

He's taller than his brother. (everyday — the default in speech)

Είναι ψηλότερος του αδερφού του.

íne psilóteros tu adherfú tu

He's taller than his brother. (formal / written — correct, but noticeably elevated)

Both are good Greek. Say the second one in a taverna and you will get a look; write the first one in a legal opinion and it will read as chatty. That is the whole difference, and it is a difference of register, not of correctness.

Two practical points about the genitive version. First, it goes hand in hand with the one-word comparative in -τερος (ψηλότερος, μεγαλύτερος, υψηλότερος), which belongs to the same learned layer of the language; the analytic πιο + adjective and the plain από are the everyday pair, and they travel together. Second, it is most alive where the standard of comparison is an abstract noun — expectations, last year's figures, the average.

Τα φετινά έσοδα ήταν υψηλότερα των περσινών.

ta fetiná ésodha ítan ipsilótera ton persinón

This year's revenue was higher than last year's. (journalistic)

Η ανεργία παραμένει υψηλότερη του μέσου όρου της Ευρωζώνης.

i aneryía paraméni ipsilóteri tu mésu óru tis Evrozónis

Unemployment remains above the eurozone average. (journalistic / formal)

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Learners meet this genitive most often in fixed journalistic phrases — κατώτερος των προσδοκιών, ανώτερος του μετρίου. Learn them as collocations rather than as a productive pattern you build yourself; the related family of genitive-governing adjectives is set out on Genitive with adjectives.

That page also owns the one place this genitive is thoroughly colloquial: when the standard of comparison is a pronoun, everyday Greek attaches a weak genitive clitic straight to the comparative — μεγαλύτερός μου, ψηλότερή σου, with the compulsory second accent. That construction is common in ordinary speech, unlike the full-noun genitive above.

Before a clause: απ' ό,τι

When what you are comparing against is not a noun but a whole clausethan I expected, than it looks — Greek cannot use bare από, because there is no noun phrase for it to govern. It uses απ' ό,τι (also written από ό,τι), and what follows is an ordinary finite clause with an ordinary verb.

Ήταν πολύ πιο δύσκολο απ' ό,τι περίμενα.

ítan polí pio dhískolo ap' óti perímena

It was much harder than I expected.

Το διαμέρισμα είναι πιο μικρό απ' ό,τι φαίνεται στις φωτογραφίες.

to dhiamérizma íne pio mikró ap' óti fénete stis fotoghrafíes

The flat is smaller than it looks in the photos.

Keep the comma out of ό,τι's way: this is the relative ό,τι ("whatever"), written with a comma between the two letters, and it is not the conjunction ότι ("that"). The two are distinguished in writing precisely because they would otherwise be confusable.

παρά: contrast, not measurement

Παρά is often glossed "than" in dictionaries, which sends learners to the wrong construction. It does not introduce the thing you are measuring against; it introduces a rejected alternative. Three places it genuinely belongs:

UseExampleWhat the second term does
preferring one action to anotherΠροτιμώ να μείνω παρά να βγω.να + verb, mirroring the first
two properties of the same thingΕίναι πιο τεμπέλης παρά ανίκανος.same case as the first term
set phrases and proverbsΚάλλιο αργά παρά ποτέ.frozen

Προτιμώ να περπατήσω μισή ώρα παρά να περιμένω το λεωφορείο.

protimó na perpatíso misí óra pará na periméno to leoforío

I'd rather walk for half an hour than wait for the bus.

Είναι πιο τεμπέλης παρά ανίκανος, για να είμαστε δίκαιοι.

íne pio tembélis pará aníkanos, ya na ímaste dhíkei

He's more lazy than incompetent, to be fair.

Κάλλιο αργά παρά ποτέ.

kálio arghá pará poté

Better late than never. (set phrase)

The second row is the interesting one for case. In πιο τεμπέλης παρά ανίκανος, both adjectives describe the same subject, so both are nominative — παρά is not governing anything, it is simply joining two terms that already have their case from elsewhere. Swap the subject for an object and both terms go accusative: Τον θεωρώ πιο τεμπέλη παρά ανίκανο.

Superlatives: από όλους, or the genitive όλων

The same split appears one level up. With a superlative, the group you are picking from is normally από + accusative, and the genitive alternative is the more formal one — though here the genitive is far more current than it is with comparatives, because όλων is short and idiomatic.

Είναι ο πιο γρήγορος από όλους μας, με διαφορά.

íne o pio ghríghoros apó ólus mas, me dhiaforá

He's the fastest of all of us, by a mile.

Είναι ο γρηγορότερος όλων μας, με διαφορά.

íne o ghrighoróteros ólon mas, me dhiaforá

He is the fastest of us all, by a distance. (formal / written)

Quick decision table

What follows "than"?UseCase
a noun phraseαπόaccusative — από τον Γιάννη
a pronounαπόaccusative strong form — από εμένα
a pronoun, in casual speechcomparative + cliticgenitive clitic — μεγαλύτερός μου
a clause with a verbαπ' ό,τιno case — a full clause follows
a rejected alternativeπαράsame case as the first term
formal writing, abstract standard-τερος + genitivegenitive — υψηλότερα των περσινών

Common Mistakes

1. Putting the pronoun in the nominative after από. Formal English than I is behind this every time.

❌ Ο Νίκος είναι πιο ψηλός από εγώ.

Incorrect — από governs the accusative: από εμένα.

✅ Ο Νίκος είναι πιο ψηλός από εμένα, αλλά πιο αδύνατος.

o Níkos íne pio psilós apó eména, alá pio adhínatos

Nikos is taller than me, but skinnier.

2. Leaving a full noun in the nominative after από. The article has to change as well.

❌ Τρέχει πιο γρήγορα από ο αδερφός του.

Incorrect — accusative after από: από τον αδερφό του.

✅ Τρέχει πιο γρήγορα από τον αδερφό του, και ας καπνίζει.

tréchi pio ghríghora apó ton adherfó tu, ke as kapnízi

He runs faster than his brother, even though he smokes.

3. Using παρά where a clause needs απ' ό,τι.

❌ Είναι πιο ακριβό παρά περίμενα.

Incorrect — before a clause use απ' ό,τι: πιο ακριβό απ' ό,τι περίμενα.

✅ Είναι πιο ακριβό απ' ό,τι περίμενα, αλλά το αξίζει.

íne pio akrivó ap' óti perímena, alá to aksízi

It's more expensive than I expected, but it's worth it.

4. Putting a weak pronoun after από. Clitics can never follow a preposition.

❌ Η Μαρία είναι μεγαλύτερη από μου.

Incorrect — either από + strong pronoun (από μένα) or the clitic on the comparative (μεγαλύτερή μου).

✅ Η Μαρία είναι μεγαλύτερή μου τρία χρόνια.

i María íne meghalíterí mu tría chrónia

Maria is three years older than me.

5. Reaching for the genitive of comparison in conversation. Not wrong — but it lands in the wrong register, the way "he is taller than he" would in English.

✅ Η καινούργια δουλειά είναι πιο κουραστική από την προηγούμενη.

i kenúrya dhuliá íne pio kurastikí apó tin proighúmeni

The new job is more tiring than the previous one. (everyday)

✅ Η νέα θέση είναι κουραστικότερη της προηγούμενης.

i néa thési íne kurastikóteri tis proighúmenis

The new post is more tiring than the previous one. (formal / written — correct, but bookish in speech)

Key Takeaways

  • από + accusative is the working answer for "than": από τον Γιάννη, από εμένα, από αυτούς. Never a nominative pronoun.
  • The genitive of comparison (ψηλότερος του αδερφού του) is correct but elevated — formal, journalistic and written registers — and it pairs with the one-word -τερος comparative.
  • Before a clause, use απ' ό,τι: πιο δύσκολο απ' ό,τι περίμενα. Mind the comma in ό,τι.
  • Παρά introduces a rejected alternative, not a measurement, and its second term simply copies the case of the first: πιο τεμπέλης παρά ανίκανος.
  • With superlatives, both από όλους and the genitive όλων are current; the genitive is the more formal but perfectly idiomatic option.
  • The colloquial comparative + genitive clitic (μεγαλύτερός μου) is treated on Genitive with adjectives.

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Related Topics

  • The Object of ComparisonB1How to attach the second half of a comparison in Greek — από + accusative (πιο ψηλός από τον αδερφό του, από μένα) is the everyday answer, the genitive of comparison (ψηλότερος του αδερφού του) is the formal one, απ' ό,τι introduces a whole clause, and παρά sets up a rejected alternative.
  • Comparative With πιοA2The everyday way to say 'more X' in Greek — the invariable little word πιο placed in front of any adjective (πιο ψηλός, πιο εύκολο) — why it never changes while the adjective still agrees with its noun, how to attach the thing you're comparing to with από, and how to say 'less' (λιγότερο) and 'as…as' (τόσο…όσο, εξίσου).