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  1. Grammar
  2. /Esperanto Grammar
  3. /Everyday Frames
  4. /Likes and Preferences

Likes and Preferences

Esperanto does not have one universal frame corresponding to every English use of like. Ŝati puts the person who likes something in subject position; plaĉi puts the pleasing thing in subject position; preferi compares alternatives. Choosing the frame means choosing a viewpoint, not merely replacing an English word.

The fixed cores are highly productive. You can put a noun, an activity, or sometimes a clause into the appropriate variable slot, provided you preserve the verb's participant roles and comparison pattern. All unlabelled expressions below are neutral contemporary Esperanto.

The everyday frame: ŝati + object or infinitive

Use ŝati + accusative object for a person or thing. The experiencer is the subject, and the liked item carries -n.

Mi ŝatas tiun malgrandan restoracion, ĉar la menuo ŝanĝiĝas ĉiusemajne.

I like that little restaurant because the menu changes every week.

Ĉu vi ŝatas la novan aranĝon de la retejo?

Do you like the new layout of the website?

For an activity performed by the same subject, the variable slot is a bare infinitive. English alternates between “like doing” and “like to do”; Esperanto needs neither a gerund nor a preposition.

Ni ŝatas promeni laŭ la rivero post la vespermanĝo.

We like walking along the river after dinner.

Ŝi ne ŝatas veturi nokte, precipe kiam pluvas.

She does not like driving at night, especially when it rains.

If the liked content is a fact with its own subject, a ke-clause is natural: Mi ŝatas, ke vi ĉiam diras rekte, kion vi pensas. This evaluates a situation. By contrast, Mi ŝatas vin evaluates the person.

💡
With ŝati, ask “who feels the liking?” That participant is the subject. The liked person or thing is the object; a liked same-subject activity is an infinitive.

Reversing the viewpoint with plaĉi al

Plaĉi describes something as pleasing or appealing al an experiencer. The pleasing item is the grammatical subject, so it has no accusative ending merely because English translates the sentence with “like.”

La trankvila etoso de la kafejo plaĉas al mi.

I like the café's calm atmosphere.

Al la infanoj plej plaĉis la interaga parto de la ekspozicio.

The children liked the interactive part of the exhibition best.

These two sentences can describe essentially the same reaction:

ViewpointFrameExample
experiencer firstiu ŝatas ionMi ŝatas la proponon.
appealing thing firstio plaĉas al iuLa propono plaĉas al mi.

The difference is information structure, not a fixed difference in intensity. Plaĉi is not inherently more formal, and ŝati is not slang. Modern neutral usage allows either viewpoint. Historically ŝati had a stronger sense of valuing or esteeming, but in current usage it is also the ordinary verb “like.” The detailed role contrast is treated on ŝati or plaĉi.

— Kiel plaĉas al vi la nova kvartalo? — Mi ŝatas ĝin, sed la trafiko estas tro brua.

— How do you like the new neighborhood? — I like it, but the traffic is too noisy.

The question Kiel plaĉas al vi…? asks for an evaluation. Ĉu … plaĉas al vi? asks whether the reaction is positive at all.

Stronger and weaker reactions

Ami expresses love or strong attachment. It is normal for close people and can also express a strong enthusiasm for an activity or thing. It should not automatically replace ordinary English like.

Mi amas mian familion, sed mi simple ŝatas miajn novajn kolegojn.

I love my family, but I simply like my new colleagues.

In (informal) conversation, adori can be humorous or emphatic: Mi adoras tiun kanton! It is stronger and more expressive than neutral tre ŝati. In restrained professional prose, state the evaluation directly: La uzantoj tre ŝatas la funkcion.

Negation also has degrees. Ne aparte ŝati and ne tre ŝati soften a negative judgment. Malŝati positively means dislike; it is not always equivalent to a mere absence of liking.

Mi ne aparte ŝatas dolĉajn trinkaĵojn, sed ĉi tiu ne estas tro sukera.

I do not especially like sweet drinks, but this one is not too sugary.

Li malŝatas laŭtajn festojn kaj kutime foriras frue.

He dislikes loud parties and usually leaves early.

Ne estas laŭ mia gusto is a tactful idiomatic evaluation meaning “it is not to my taste.” The possessive changes with the experiencer—laŭ mia gusto, laŭ via gusto, laŭ ŝia gusto—and, like any possessive adjective, takes the number and case endings required by its noun: laŭ iliaj gustoj.

Comparing alternatives with preferi

Preferi does more than express positive feeling: it ranks one option above another. With noun phrases, the preferred item is a direct object and the less preferred comparison normally follows al.

Mi preferas teon al kafo, sed matene mi trinkas ambaŭ.

I prefer tea to coffee, but in the morning I drink both.

La teamo preferis la pli simplan solvon al la multekosta propono.

The team preferred the simpler solution to the expensive proposal.

With actions, use infinitives and compare them with ol:

Mi preferas iri piede ol atendi alian buson.

I prefer walking to waiting for another bus.

Ĉu vi preferus manĝi nun aŭ post la koncerto?

Would you prefer to eat now or after the concert?

PMEG records other comparison markers with preferi, including antaŭ, kontraŭ, and anstataŭ, but the most reliable neutral pattern is preferi ion al io for noun alternatives and preferi fari X ol fari Y for actions. That pedagogical recommendation makes the compared elements easy to recognize internationally.

The comparison can remain unstated when context supplies it: Mi preferas la bluan means that the blue one ranks above the relevant alternative. The adjective still takes -n because it stands for an object noun phrase.

Prefere and polite ŝatus

The adverb prefere means “preferably” or “rather.” It commonly modifies the whole choice rather than taking a direct object.

Mi prefere restos hejme ĉi-vespere; mi estas elĉerpita.

I would rather stay home this evening; I am exhausted.

Sendu la dosieron prefere en PDF-formato.

Send the file preferably in PDF format.

Mi ŝatus… literally uses the conditional of ŝati, but it has become a standard polite frame for wishes and requests: Mi ŝatus kafon or Mi ŝatus rezervi tablon. It states what would please the speaker. Mi preferus… explicitly ranks one option over another, even when the alternative is only understood.

Mi ŝatus fenestran tablon, se eblas; alie mi preferus sidi ekstere.

I would like a table by the window, if possible; otherwise I would prefer to sit outside.

💡
Use ŝatus to present a wish politely. Use preferus when a choice or ranking is central. English “would like” does not automatically mean “prefer.”

Register, convention, and productive slots

The core frames—ŝati ion, io plaĉas al iu, preferi ion al io, and preferi fari X ol fari Y—are established across speech and edited writing. Their slots are productive: foods, designs, people, plans, and activities can all be inserted when the meaning fits.

Conventional intensifiers include tre ŝati, ege ŝati, multe pli ŝati, and plej ŝatata “favorite.” Favori means support or treat favorably, especially in (formal) discussion; it is not the normal verb for enjoying a song or meal. Aprezi highlights recognition of value or gratitude and is useful in professional contexts: Mi aprezas vian honestecon.

The foundational norm fixes case and participant roles. Accepted variation permits different word orders and several comparison markers after preferi. For active learning, keep the neutral frames above until a context genuinely calls for a marked alternative.

Common Mistakes

Mixing the roles of ŝati and plaĉi

❌ Mi plaĉas tiun muzikon.

Incorrect — plaĉi makes the pleasing thing the subject and marks the experiencer with al.

✅ Tiu muziko plaĉas al mi.

I like that music.

Adding a preposition after ŝati

❌ Ŝi ŝatas al la nova instruisto.

Incorrect — the liked person is a direct object of ŝati.

✅ Ŝi ŝatas la novan instruiston.

She likes the new teacher.

Copying the English gerund frame

❌ Mi ŝatas de kuiri por amikoj.

Incorrect — a liked same-subject activity is a bare infinitive.

✅ Mi ŝatas kuiri por amikoj.

I like cooking for friends.

Using al between action alternatives

❌ Mi preferas kuiri hejme al manĝi en restoracio.

Wrong comparison marker between two actions.

✅ Mi preferas kuiri hejme ol manĝi en restoracio.

I prefer cooking at home to eating in a restaurant.

Treating ordinary liking as love

❌ Mi amas tiun presilon; ĝi funkcias sufiĉe bone.

Overstated in neutral prose when only ordinary approval is intended.

✅ Mi ŝatas tiun presilon; ĝi funkcias sufiĉe bone.

I like that printer; it works fairly well.

Key Takeaways

Use ŝati with the experiencer as subject and the liked item as object. Reverse the viewpoint with plaĉi al. Use preferi … al … for noun choices and preferi … ol … for actions. Reserve ami and informal adori for stronger feeling, and distinguish polite ŝatus from explicitly comparative preferus.

Related Topics

  • Ŝati: To Like Or AppreciateA2 — Use ŝati with direct objects and infinitives, and distinguish its experiencer-as-subject pattern from plaĉi.
  • Ami: To LoveA2 — Use ami for strong affection toward people, things, causes, and activities, with direct objects and productive forms such as ekami.
  • Voli: To WantA2 — Use voli with noun objects, same-subject infinitives, and volitive ke-clauses for another person’s desired action.
  • Ŝati or Plaĉi?B1 — Choose ŝati when the experiencer is the subject and plaĉi when the pleasing person or thing is the subject.
  • The Comparison Particle OlB1 — Use the invariant particle ol to introduce standards of unequal comparison, with the correct case, preposition, and clause structure.
  • Softening Requests and AdviceA2 — Adjust Esperanto requests and advice with questions, conditional forms, reasons, options, timing, and proportionate mitigation.
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