Learn Swedish: Skogen ljusnar när solen går upp. - The forest brightens when the sun rises.

Ljusnar is built from the adjective ljus (light or bright) plus the ending -na. In Swedish, adding -na to an adjective creates a new verb meaning 'to become' that adjective. So ljusna literally means to become light, or to brighten.

How do you conjugate inchoative verbs like ljusna in the past tense?

Verbs created with this -na ending almost always belong to conjugation Group 1. That means they take -de in the past tense and -t in the supine. If you wanted to say the forest brightened yesterday, you would use ljusnade.

Why does the sentence use går upp instead of a single verb for 'rises'?

Swedish relies heavily on particle verbs, combining a basic verb like går (goes) with a directional word like upp (up). While English has the specific verb 'rise', Swedish simply says the sun 'goes up'. When speaking, remember to put the emphasis on the particle (upp) rather than the verb.

Why does the word order stay as solen går upp after när, instead of flipping?