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Spanish (Spain)

### What's your name?

Spanish asks for a name with the reflexive verb **llamarse** — literally *to call oneself*. The reflexive pronoun changes with the person, exactly like **levantarse**.

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| person | llamarse |
|---|---|
| yo | **me llamo** |
| tú | **te llamas** |
| él, ella | **se llama** |
| nosotros | **nos llamamos** |
| vosotros | **os llamáis** |
| ellos, ellas | **se llaman** |

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### Pleased to meet you

When you meet someone, say **encantado** if you are a man and **encantada** if you are a woman. It agrees with the speaker, not with the other person.

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### Surname and country

**El apellido** is the surname. In Spain everyone has two: the first surname of the father and the first surname of the mother.

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To ask where someone is from, use **¿de dónde?** (where … from?) with **ser**, or ask about **el país** (the country).

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### Nationalities

Nationality adjectives agree like any adjective. When the masculine ends in a consonant, add **-a** for a woman. The **written accent disappears** as soon as an ending is added, because the stress stays on the same syllable.

| man | woman | men | women |
|---|---|---|---|
| español | española | españoles | españolas |
| inglés | **inglesa** | **ingleses** | inglesas |
| **alemán** | **alemana** | **alemanes** | alemanas |
| **japonés** | **japonesa** | **japoneses** | japonesas |

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Nationalities and languages are written with a small letter in Spanish: *español*, *alemán*. The same word names the language:

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What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
to be called	llamarse
What's your name?	¿Cómo te llamas?
My name is Carmen.	Me llamo Carmen.
My brother's name is Pablo.	Mi hermano se llama Pablo.
What is your dog called?	¿Cómo se llama tu perro?
pleased to meet you	encantado
Pleased to meet you, my name is Luis.	Encantado, me llamo Luis.
Pleased to meet you, I'm the new teacher.	Encantada, soy la profesora nueva.
the surname	el apellido
What is your surname?	¿Cuál es tu apellido?
My surname is García.	Mi apellido es García.
the country	el país
What country are you from?	¿De qué país eres?
Spain is a beautiful country.	España es un país bonito.
the nationality	la nacionalidad
What is your nationality?	¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad?
My nationality is Spanish.	Mi nacionalidad es española.
German	alemán
He is German, but he lives in Spain.	Él es alemán, pero vive en España.
The girls are German.	Las chicas son alemanas.
Japanese	japonés
Are you Japanese?	¿Tú eres japonesa?
My neighbours are Japanese.	Mis vecinos son japoneses.
How do you say the word in Japanese?	¿Cómo se dice la palabra en japonés?
where … from	de dónde
Where are you from?	¿De dónde eres?
Where is your teacher from?	¿De dónde es tu profesor?
French	francés
My friend is French and lives in Madrid.	Mi amiga es francesa y vive en Madrid.
Do you speak French?	¿Hablas francés?
The girls are French.	Las chicas son francesas.
Portuguese	portugués
My neighbor is Portuguese.	Mi vecino es portugués.
She is Portuguese, but she lives in France.	Ella es portuguesa, pero vive en Francia.
Does your brother speak Portuguese?	¿Tu hermano habla portugués?
Chinese	chino
My teacher is Chinese.	Mi profesora es china.
I study Chinese at the university.	Estudio chino en la universidad.
The boys are Chinese, but they speak Spanish.	Los chicos son chinos, pero hablan español.
European	europeo
Spain is a European country.	España es un país europeo.
Madrid is a European city.	Madrid es una ciudad europea.
Are you guys European? Yes, we are French.	¿Sois europeos? Sí, somos franceses.
Italian	italiano
American	americano
Mexican	mexicano
My neighbor is Italian and speaks Spanish very well.	Mi vecina es italiana y habla muy bien español.
Do you speak Italian?	¿Hablas italiano?
He is Italian and she is Mexican.	Él es italiano y ella es mexicana.
Are you American or English?	¿Eres americano o inglés?
They are American, but they live in France.	Ellas son americanas, pero viven en Francia.
My teacher is Mexican.	Mi profesor es mexicano.
The Mexican girls are very nice.	Las chicas mexicanas son muy simpáticas.
Russian	ruso
My grandmother is Russian.	Mi abuela es rusa.
Russian is very difficult.	El ruso es muy difícil.
Indian (from India)	indio
My Indian friends speak English.	Mis amigos indios hablan inglés.
The doctor is Indian and works at the hospital.	La médica es india y trabaja en el hospital.

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