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Spanish (Spain)

### What is missing, what is enough

**Faltar** and **bastar** can take a whole clause as their subject. Use the infinitive when the doer is general, or is the person in **me**, **te**, **le** (**Me basta con verte**: *just seeing you is enough for me*), and **que** + subjunctive when someone else has to do it. **Bastar** usually comes with **con**.

| infinitive | que + subjunctive |
|---|---|
| Falta firmar el contrato. | Falta que firmes aquí. |
| No basta con pedir perdón. | Basta con que me avises un día antes. |

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The guests have to do it, so **que lleguen**.

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*All you have to do is…*: a small condition, nothing more.

### **Queda claro que**, **resulta raro que**

**Quedar claro que** states a fact, so it takes the indicative, like **está claro que**. **Resultar** + adjective works like **ser** + adjective: a judgment takes the subjunctive, while **evidente** and **claro** take the indicative.

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A conclusion drawn from what happened: indicative.

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**Raro** is a judgment, so **haya llamado**.

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**Evidente** presents a fact, so **mentía**.

Negated, **claro** and **evidente** switch to the subjunctive: *No está claro que quiera venir*.

### **Lo bueno es que…**

**Lo** + adjective + **es que** puts the key point first: **lo bueno**, **lo malo**, **lo peor**. It usually takes the indicative, because you present a fact. **Lo mejor es que** + subjunctive gives advice; with the indicative it is a fact like the others (*Lo mejor es que ganamos*: the best part is that we won).

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A fact you are glad about.

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Advice, so **digas**.

### **Lo que pasa es que…**

**Lo que pasa es que** (*the thing is*) explains, or excuses, often right after a refusal.

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A polite no: first the wish, then the reason.

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It pairs naturally with **no es que**: the wrong reason, then the real one.

It's enough, the thing is (basta con que, lo que pasa es que)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the thing is (that)…	lo que pasa es que
Dinner is done; all that's left is for the guests to arrive.	La cena está hecha; falta que lleguen los invitados.
All that's left is to sign the contract.	Falta firmar el contrato.
Everything is ready; all that's left is for you to sign here.	Ya está todo; falta que firmes aquí.
It's enough for you to let me know a day before.	Basta con que me avises un día antes.
It's not enough to say sorry.	No basta con pedir perdón.
It's enough for me that you're happy.	Me basta con que seas feliz.
It's clear that you don't want to come.	Queda claro que no quieres venir.
After the meeting, it became clear that the project had no future.	Después de la reunión, quedó claro que el proyecto no tenía futuro.
Is it clear to you now?	¿Te ha quedado claro?
It's strange that she hasn't called yet.	Resulta raro que no haya llamado todavía.
It's incredible that nobody has seen anything.	Resulta increíble que nadie haya visto nada.
It was evident that he was lying.	Resultaba evidente que mentía.
The good thing is that nobody got hurt.	Lo bueno es que nadie se hizo daño.
The bad thing is that the flat is far from the center.	Lo malo es que el piso está lejos del centro.
The best thing is for you to tell him.	Lo mejor es que se lo digas tú.
The worst thing is that I already knew it.	Lo peor es que ya lo sabía.
I'd love to go; the thing is I don't have any money.	Me encantaría ir; lo que pasa es que no tengo dinero.
It's not that I don't want to; the thing is I don't have time.	No es que no quiera; lo que pasa es que no tengo tiempo.
The thing is nobody had told me.	Lo que pasa es que nadie me lo había dicho.

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