Learn Russian: Тебе нравится цвет туфель?

This is the genitive plural of the feminine noun туфля (shoe). In Russian, feminine nouns that end in -а or -я drop their ending in the genitive plural (taking a "zero ending"). Because dropping the -я from туфля leaves a hard-to-pronounce consonant combination, a "fleeting" vowel е is inserted, resulting in туфель.

How does this sentence express the word "of" from the English translation?

Russian doesn't use a preposition for "of" in this context. Instead, it uses the genitive case. Whenever you want to say one noun belongs to or is associated with another noun (like "the color of the shoes"), you put the second noun (туфля) into the genitive case.

Why is нравится in the singular form if "shoes" is plural?

The verb нравится agrees with the grammatical subject of the sentence, which is цвет (color). You are literally asking if the singular color is pleasing to them, not the plural shoes. If you just wanted to ask "Do you like the shoes?", you would use the plural verb: Тебе нравятся туфли?

Why does the sentence start with Тебе instead of Ты?

The verb нравиться doesn't directly translate to "to like"; it means "to be pleasing to." Because of this, the person doing the liking is the indirect object and must be in the dative case. Тебе is the dative form of ты, so the sentence literally starts with "To you...".