Special singular articles (lo, l')

The Definite Article "lo"

You already know that il is the standard definite article ("the") for masculine singular nouns. However, Italian uses a special article, lo, for masculine singular nouns that begin with certain sounds:

  • s followed by another consonant (like sp or st)
  • z
  • a few rarer beginnings: x, y, gn, ps, pn
  • a few rarer beginnings: x, y, gn, ps, pn
The mirror is big.
Lo specchio è grande.
Is the black backpack empty?
Lo zaino nero è vuoto?
The uncle is young and nice.
Lo zio è giovane e simpatico.

The rarer beginnings follow the same sound logic: lo xilofono (the xylophone), lo yogurt (the yogurt), lo gnocco (the dumpling), lo psicologo (the psychologist), lo pneumatico (the tire). You will not meet these words often, but when you do, they take lo.

The rarer beginnings follow the same sound logic: lo xilofono (the xylophone), lo yogurt (the yogurt), lo gnocco (the dumpling), lo psicologo (the psychologist), lo pneumatico (the tire). You will not meet these words often, but when you do, they take lo.

The Definite Article "l'"

When a masculine singular noun begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), Italian uses l' (with an apostrophe). Think of this as the article lo dropping its o to blend smoothly into the next word. Notice how the article connects directly to the noun, without a space:

The new watch is beautiful.
L'orologio nuovo è bello.
Is the office open or closed today?
L'ufficio è aperto o chiuso oggi?
The hospital is very big and clean.
L'ospedale è molto grande e pulito.