The adjective "buono"
When the adjective buono (good) is placed directly before a singular noun, its ending changes to match the first letters of the following word. These variations follow the exact same rules as the indefinite articles (un, uno, una, un').
Masculine nouns: buon
Before most masculine nouns—those starting with a vowel or most consonants—use buon (just like un).
| Marco always gets a good grade at school. | Marco prende sempre un buon voto a scuola. |
| The student showed a good effort. | Lo studente mostrava un buon impegno. |
Feminine nouns: buona
Before feminine nouns starting with a consonant, use the full form buona (just like una).
| Today we receive a good report card! | Oggi riceviamo una buona pagella! |
| The girl had good conduct. | La ragazza aveva una buona condotta. |
Masculine exceptions: buono
If a masculine noun starts with s + consonant, z, gn, ps, or pn, use buono (just like uno).
| He was a good student who studied a lot. | Lui era un buono studente che studiava molto. |
| Luca is a good pupil. | Luca è un buono scolaro. |
Feminine vowels: buon'
When a feminine noun starts with a vowel, use buon' with an apostrophe (just like un'). Note that this apostrophe is only used for feminine nouns, never for masculine ones.
| Maria is a good pupil. | Maria è una buon'alunna. |
| She was a good friend that I knew well. | Era una buon'amica che conoscevo bene. |
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