Người bán hàng thêm đá vào nước ép.

Người bán hàng means seller, salesperson, shop assistant, or vendor, depending on context.

Literally, it breaks down like this:

• người = person
• bán hàng = sell goods / do sales

So the whole phrase is literally the person who sells goods.

In this sentence, it is the subject: the person doing the action.

Because bán hàng by itself is usually a verb phrase, meaning to sell goods or to work in sales.

When you add người, it becomes a noun phrase:

• bán hàng = to sell
• người bán hàng = the seller / the person who sells

So người is what turns the idea into a person.

Here, thêm means to add.

So:

• thêm đá = add ice

A useful pattern is:

• thêm + something + vào + something else

which means add X into/to Y.

Also, in other contexts, thêm can mean more or extra. For example:

• thêm nước = add more water
• một chút nữa, thêm đi = a little more, please add more

But in your sentence, it is clearly the verb add.

Yes. Đá can mean several things depending on context, including:

• ice
• stone/rock
• to kick

Here it means ice, because it appears in a drink-related sentence:

• thêm đá vào nước ép = add ice to the juice

In food and drink situations, đá very often means ice.

If someone wants to be extra clear, they may also say:

• nước đá = ice
• đá lạnh = cold ice / ice

But plain đá is extremely common in everyday speech when talking about drinks.

Vào means into here.

It shows the destination of what is being added:

• thêm đá vào nước ép = add ice into/to the juice

A very common Vietnamese pattern is:

• cho / đặt / bỏ / thêm + object + vào + container/place

So vào helps show where something goes.

English usually says add ice to the juice, but Vietnamese often uses the equivalent of into in this structure.

Vietnamese word order here is:

• Subject + Verb + thing added + vào + destination

So:

• Người bán hàng = the seller
• thêm = adds
• đá = ice
• vào nước ép = into the juice

Literally, it is very close to:

• The seller adds ice into the juice

English more naturally says adds ice to the juice, but the Vietnamese order is completely normal.

Nước ép means juice.

Literally:

• nước = water, liquid, drink
• ép = press, squeeze

So nước ép is basically pressed liquid, which is why it means juice.

This is a very common word. For example:

• nước ép cam = orange juice
• nước ép táo = apple juice

Vietnamese usually does not use articles the way English does.

So Người bán hàng thêm đá vào nước ép could mean:

• A seller adds ice to juice
• The seller adds ice to the juice

The exact meaning depends on context.

If Vietnamese wants to be more specific, it can add other words, for example:

• người bán hàng đó = that seller
• ly nước ép này = this glass of juice

But in a simple sentence, leaving articles out is normal.

Because classifiers are usually needed when you are counting or specifying units, not in every sentence.

Here, the sentence is just talking generally about adding ice to juice, so no classifier is necessary.

If you wanted to be more specific, you could say:

• thêm một viên đá = add one ice cube
• thêm hai viên đá = add two ice cubes
• một ly nước ép = one glass of juice

So in the original sentence, the nouns are being used in a general way, which is why no classifier appears.

You usually do not know from the noun alone, because Vietnamese nouns normally do not change form for singular vs. plural.

So đá here just means ice in a general sense. It could mean:

• some ice
• ice cubes
• ice in general

If you want to be precise, Vietnamese can specify:

• một viên đá = one ice cube
• hai viên đá = two ice cubes
• một ít đá = a little ice / some ice

In everyday speech, just saying đá is very natural.

By itself, it can mean either, depending on context.

Vietnamese often leaves tense unstated unless it needs to be clear. So this sentence could be understood as:

• The seller adds ice to the juice
• The seller is adding ice to the juice

If you want to make right now explicit, you can say:

• Người bán hàng đang thêm đá vào nước ép.

Here, đang marks an action in progress, similar to is adding in English.