Learn Hardcore Ukrainian: Пухова подушка і тепла ковдра роблять сон комфортним. - A down pillow and warm blanket make sleep comfortable.

In Ukrainian adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in gender, number and case. Подушка is a feminine singular noun in the nominative case, so the adjective пуховий (masculine) becomes пухова (feminine singular nominative).

Why is тепла ending in –а, not –е or –ий?

The noun ковдра is also feminine singular nominative. The base adjective теплий (masculine) changes to тепла to match a feminine noun in the nominative case.

What case is сон in, and why does it look the same as in the nominative?

Here сон is the direct object of the verb роблять, so it is in the accusative case. For inanimate masculine nouns the accusative form is identical to the nominative, which is why we see сон and not сонu or сонoм.

What case is комфортним, and why is it in that case?

Комфортним is the instrumental singular masculine form of the adjective комфортний. After verbs like робити (to make), the thing you make something into (the predicative complement) takes the instrumental case: роблять щось комфортним.

Why is the verb роблять in the plural form?

The subject of the sentence is пухова подушка і тепла ковдра (two items joined by і), so the verb agrees in number and appears in the third person plural form: вони роблять → роблять.

Can we use й instead of і before тепла ковдра?

Yes. Ukrainian uses й (short form of і) for euphony before words beginning with a vowel: пухова подушка й тепла ковдра. After consonants or at the start of a clause you normally use і.

What’s the difference between і, й, and та when they all mean “and”?

• і is the basic conjunction “and,” used after consonants or at the beginning of a sentence.
• й is a variant of і used before vowels for smoother pronunciation.
• та also means “and,” often adds a sense of “as well as” or “plus,” and can feel a bit more colloquial or emphatic in listing (e.g., книга та ручка).

Is the word order here fixed, or could I rearrange the sentence?

Ukrainian has relatively flexible word order, but the neutral, most common pattern is Subject–Verb–Object–Complement. Adjectives normally precede their nouns. You could shift elements for emphasis (e.g., Сон комфортним роблять пухова подушка і тепла ковдра), but the original order is the clearest and most natural.