Learn Hardcore Ukrainian: Літак пролітає над горами.

It means "The airplane flies over the mountains." Here, літак translates as airplane, пролітає is the verb form meaning flies over, над means over, and горами is the instrumental plural form of гора (mountain).

Why is горами in the instrumental case?

In Ukrainian, the preposition над (meaning over or above) is typically followed by a noun in the instrumental case to indicate spatial relationships. Thus, гора (mountain) becomes горами in its instrumental plural form when referring to mountains.

What role does the prefix про- play in the verb пролітає?

The prefix про- adds a nuance to the verb by implying the idea of passing over or through something. In пролітає, it specifies that the airplane is not just flying, but is actively flying over the mountains.

How does subject-verb agreement work in this sentence?

The subject літак is in the nominative singular (and is masculine), and the verb пролітає is in the third person singular. This agreement ensures that the sentence is grammatically coherent in Ukrainian.

How does пролітає differ from a more general flying verb like літає?

While both verbs relate to the act of flying, пролітає specifically emphasizes that the airplane is flying over or passing above something (in this case, the mountains). On the other hand, літає is a more general term for flying or being airborne, without the specific nuance of movement over a certain object or area.