Havacılık sektöründe kompozit paneller yaygın olarak kullanılır.

Composite panels are widely used in the aerospace industry.

Breakdown of Havacılık sektöründe kompozit paneller yaygın olarak kullanılır.

• panel: the panel
• kullanılmak: to be used
• kompozit: composite
• havacılık sektörü: the aerospace industry
• yaygın olarak: widely

Questions & Answers about Havacılık sektöründe kompozit paneller yaygın olarak kullanılır.

Why does sektöründe end in -ünde instead of just -de?

Because it’s the locative case (“in the sector”) attached to a definite noun form. In Turkish:

1. sektör → add the 3rd person possessive suffix -ü (to make it definite) → sektörü (“the sector”)
2. sektörü → add the locative suffix -de → sektöründe (“in the sector”)
   The combination of possessive -ü
   • locative -de gives -ünde.

Why do we add a possessive suffix before the locative? Couldn’t we say sektörde?

You could say sektörde if you mean “in a sector” (indefinite). But in havacılık sektöründe, you’re referring to a specific sector (“the aviation sector”), so you need the definite form. In Turkish, certain case markers on definite nouns require a possessive suffix:
• indefinite locative: sektörde (“in a sector”)
• definite locative: sektöründe (“in the sector”)

Why is kompozit paneller in the plural and without any article or case ending?

• Turkish has no indefinite article.
• For general statements, nouns often appear in plural without any extra suffix or article to express “X in general.”
Hence kompozit paneller simply means “composite panels” in a generic sense.

What does yaygın olarak mean, and how is olarak used here?

Yaygın means “widespread” or “common.” Adding olarak turns it into an adverb, so yaygın olarak means “widely” or “commonly.” It modifies the verb kullanılır (“are used”).

Which tense and voice is kullanılır, and how is it formed from kullanmak?

Kullanılır is the aorist (simple present/general) in the passive voice, third person singular. Formation steps:

1. Base verb: kullan (stem of kullanmak, “to use”)
2. Passive suffix -ıl (vowel‐harmonized) → kullanıl
3. Aorist suffix -ır (vowel‐harmonized) → kullanılır
   Result: kullanmak → kullanıl- → kullanılır (“(it) is used” in a general sense).

Why is the verb form singular kullanılır when paneller is plural?

In the Turkish aorist passive, the verb stays in the third person singular regardless of a plural subject. It expresses an impersonal or general action: “Composite panels are (commonly) used…” The focus is on the action, not on a specific agent performing it.

How would you express this sentence in the active voice?

Introduce a generic agent, for example firmalar (“companies”), and use the active aorist:
Havacılık sektöründe firmalar kompozit panelleri yaygın olarak kullanırlar.
Here:
• firmalar = subject (“companies”)
• kompozit panelleri = object (accusative -i for a definite object)
• kullanırlar = active aorist, third person plural (“they use”)

What is the typical word order in this Turkish sentence?

Turkish is generally SOV (subject‐object‐verb). In this sentence:
• Havacılık sektöründe = locative adverbial (“in the aviation sector”)
• kompozit paneller = subject (theme in passive)
• yaygın olarak = adverbial modifier
• kullanılır = verb (aorist passive)
Order: [Locative] [Subject] [Adverb] [Verb]. Adverbials usually precede the verb, but the core stays SOV.