Onun memleketi çok uzak.

Onun means his, her, or its.

It comes from o (he / she / it / that) plus the genitive ending -nun, so onun literally means of him/her/it.

In this sentence, onun memleketi means his/her hometown, his/her home region, or his/her homeland, depending on context.

Because Turkish uses onun when you want to show possession.

• o = he / she / it / that
• onun = his / her / its

So:

• o memleketi would not be the normal way to say his/her hometown
• onun memleketi is the correct possessive structure

A useful pattern is:

• benim evim = my house
• senin evin = your house
• onun memleketi = his/her hometown

The -i is the third-person possessive suffix. It means his/her/its.

So:

• memleket = hometown / homeland / home region
• memleketi = his/her hometown

In Turkish, possession is often shown in two places:

1. the possessor gets the genitive ending
   
   • onun = his/her
2. the possessed noun gets a possessive ending
   
   • memleketi = his/her hometown

So onun memleketi literally works like of him/her, hometown-his/hers.

Yes, often you can.

Turkish frequently drops pronouns when the meaning is clear from context. Since memleketi already contains the possessive ending -i, it already means his/her hometown.

So:

• Onun memleketi çok uzak.
• Memleketi çok uzak.

Both can mean His/her hometown is very far away.

Using onun makes it more explicit or can add contrast, for example:

• Benim memleketim yakın, onun memleketi çok uzak.
  My hometown is near, but his/hers is very far.

Memleket is a culturally important word in Turkish. It often means:

• hometown
• home region
• place one comes from
• sometimes homeland or native country

It does not always mean exactly the same thing as English country.

For example:

• Nerelisin? = Where are you from?
• Memleketin neresi? = Where is your hometown / where is your home region?

Depending on context, memleketi çok uzak could mean:

• his/her hometown is very far away
• his/her home country is very far away

In the present tense, Turkish often leaves out the verb to be when the predicate is a noun or adjective.

So:

• çok uzak = very far
• Onun memleketi çok uzak. = His/her hometown is very far away.

There is no separate word like English is here.

This is very common in Turkish:

• Ev büyük. = The house is big.
• Hava soğuk. = The weather is cold.
• O hasta. = He/She is sick.

Çok means very here.

It comes before the adjective it modifies:

• çok uzak = very far

This is similar to English word order in phrases like:

• very big
• very cold
• very far

Be careful: çok can also mean many / much in other contexts.

Examples:

• çok güzel = very beautiful
• çok kitap = many books

Uzak is an adjective meaning far or distant.

In this sentence, it acts as the main description of memleketi:

• memleketi = his/her hometown
• çok uzak = very far

So the whole sentence describes the hometown as distant.

You may also see uzak in phrases like:

• okul uzak = the school is far
• bana uzak = far from me / distant to me

Turkish usually puts the descriptive part before the end of the sentence, and the main predicate often comes last.

Here the structure is:

• Onun memleketi = topic / subject-like part
• çok uzak = predicate description

So:

• Onun memleketi çok uzak.

This is the most natural neutral order.

Turkish word order can change for emphasis, but this version is the standard one a learner should remember first.

No. Turkish does not mark gender in this pronoun.

So onun can mean:

• his
• her
• its

The sentence by itself does not tell you whether the person is male or female. You learn that only from context.

No, not in this sentence.

Although -i can be the accusative ending in Turkish, here it is the third-person possessive suffix.

Compare:

• memleketi = his/her hometown → possessive
• memleketi gördüm could mean I saw the hometown → accusative, depending on context

In Onun memleketi çok uzak, the meaning and structure clearly show that memleketi is possessive:

• onun = possessor
• memleketi = possessed noun with possessive ending

So together they mean his/her hometown.