Tarifname buluşu açıklıyor.

It follows the very common Turkish pattern subject + object + verb.

• Tarifname = the subject
• buluşu = the direct object
• açıklıyor = the verb

So the sentence is literally structured like The specification / description the invention explains.

That verb-at-the-end pattern is one of the biggest differences from English.

A big clue is the ending on buluşu.

In Turkish, a specific direct object usually takes the accusative ending. Here:

• buluş = invention
• buluşu = the invention, as a specific object

Meanwhile, tarifname has no case ending here, so it is the subject in the neutral reading.

So Turkish is signaling the roles partly through endings, not just word order.

Because Turkish often marks a definite or specific direct object with the accusative suffix.

Here the noun is:

• buluş = invention
• buluşu = the invention / that invention, as the object of the verb

Compare the general idea:

• buluş açıklıyor = explains an invention / is explaining invention in a non-specific sense
• buluşu açıklıyor = explains the invention, a specific one

So the -u ending is doing important grammatical work.

Here -u is the accusative suffix, used for a specific direct object.

It appears as different vowels depending on vowel harmony:

• -ı
• -i
• -u
• -ü

Since buluş has the vowel u, the matching form is -u.

So:

• kitap → kitabı
• evrak → evrakı
• göl → gölü
• buluş → buluşu

Yes, buluşu can be ambiguous in isolation.

It can mean either:

• the invention as a definite direct object, or
• his/her/its invention as a possessed noun

But in this sentence, buluşu is understood as the direct object of açıklıyor.

This is also helped by the fact that if you wanted to say explains his/her invention, the object would normally be buluşunu:

• buluşu = his/her invention, as a plain noun phrase
• buluşunu = his/her invention, as a definite direct object

So in Tarifname buluşu açıklıyor, the reading the specification explains the invention fits the grammar naturally.

It is the verb açıklamak in the present continuous form.

Breakdown:

• açıklamak = to explain
• stem: açıkla-
• -yor = present continuous marker
• açıklıyor = is explaining / explains

In many contexts, Turkish -yor can correspond to English is explaining, but depending on context it can also be translated more simply as explains.

Because when -yor is added to many verbs ending in a vowel, that final vowel of the stem drops.

So:

• başla-
  • -yor → başlıyor
• anla-
  • -yor → anlıyor
• açıkla-
  • -yor → açıklıyor

This is a normal sound/shape change in Turkish conjugation.

Turkish does not use articles the way English does.

There is no exact everyday equivalent of English the and a/an in most sentences. Instead, Turkish often shows definiteness through things like:

• context
• word order
• case marking

In this sentence, buluşu is understood as a specific object partly because of the accusative ending.

So Turkish often expresses something that English would show with the by using grammar other than articles.

Because Turkish is normally a verb-final language.

The most neutral order is often:

• Subject + Object + Verb

So Tarifname buluşu açıklıyor sounds natural and standard.

English usually prefers Subject + Verb + Object, but Turkish usually saves the verb for the end.

Yes, Turkish word order is flexible, but changing it usually changes the focus or emphasis, not the core meaning.

For example:

• Tarifname buluşu açıklıyor. = neutral
• Buluşu tarifname açıklıyor. = puts more focus on buluşu
• Açıklıyor tarifname buluşu. = much less neutral, marked, and unusual in ordinary usage

So while Turkish is flexible, not every order sounds equally natural in every context.

It is more formal or specialized than many everyday nouns.

A learner may see it in technical, legal, historical, or official contexts. In some contexts it can refer to a description, specification, or similar formal explanatory text.

So even if the grammar of the sentence is straightforward, the noun itself may feel more specialized than basic everyday vocabulary.

In Turkish, the third-person singular form is often just the tense/aspect form without an extra personal ending.

So:

• açıklıyorum = I am explaining
• açıklıyorsun = you are explaining
• açıklıyor = he/she/it is explaining

That is why açıklıyor by itself already matches a third-person singular subject such as tarifname.