Spelaren hoppar högt.

Spelaren means the player.

The base noun is spelare = player.
Swedish usually makes a noun definite by adding the definite article to the end of the noun:

• en spelare = a player
• spelaren = the player

So the ending -en here is the definite ending.

Because Swedish often puts the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word before it.

So:

• English: the player
• Swedish: spelaren

A separate word like den is not normally used here. You usually only add that kind of extra article when there is an adjective, for example:

• den långa spelaren = the tall player

But in Spelaren hoppar högt, spelaren by itself is the normal way to say the player.

Hoppar is the present tense of the verb hoppa, which means to jump.

So:

• hoppa = to jump
• hoppar = jump / jumps / is jumping, depending on context

For many Swedish verbs of this type, the present tense is made by adding -r to the infinitive:

• hoppa → hoppar

It can mean either one.

Swedish usually uses the simple present form for both:

• jumps
• is jumping

So Spelaren hoppar högt could mean:

• The player jumps high
• The player is jumping high

The exact meaning depends on context.

No. In Swedish, verbs do not usually change for different persons the way they do in English.

For example:

• jag hoppar = I jump / am jumping
• du hoppar = you jump / are jumping
• spelaren hoppar = the player jumps / is jumping

So hoppar stays the same regardless of the subject.

Because högt is being used as an adverb, describing how the player jumps.

The adjective is hög = high.
But when Swedish often uses this word adverbially, it takes the -t form:

• hög = high (adjective)
• högt = high (adverb, as in jump high)

So:

• en hög vägg = a high wall
• hoppar högt = jumps high

Not always. Högt can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective hög.

For example:

• ett högt hus = a tall/high house

But in Spelaren hoppar högt, it is an adverb, because it describes the verb hoppar.

So here it means high, in the sense of jumping high.

This is the normal basic word order for a simple Swedish statement:

subject + verb + adverbial

So:

• Spelaren = subject
• hoppar = verb
• högt = tells us how the jumping happens

That makes the sentence straightforward and natural.

A simple approximate pronunciation is:

SPEH-lah-ren HOP-par hukt

A few notes:

• spelaren has the stress on the first syllable: SPEH-lah-ren
• hoppar has a short o sound: HOP-par
• högt has a vowel sound that English does not have exactly; it is somewhat like saying h
  • a rounded vowel + kt

The exact pronunciation can vary a little by dialect, but that rough version will help you get started.