Doktorn läser provsvaret.

Because doktorn is the definite singular form: the doctor.

In Swedish, the definite article is usually added as an ending to the noun rather than written as a separate word.

• doktor = a doctor / doctor
• doktorn = the doctor

So -n here works like English the.

Swedish usually puts definiteness at the end of the noun.

So instead of saying something like the doctor, Swedish often says:

• doktorn = the doctor
• boken = the book
• huset = the house

This is one of the biggest differences from English. In this sentence, both nouns are definite through endings:

• doktorn = the doctor
• provsvaret = the test result / the sample answer / the exam answer, depending on context

Läser is the present tense of läsa, meaning to read.

So:

• läsa = to read
• läser = reads / is reading

In a simple Swedish sentence, the present tense can often translate into English as either:

• reads
• is reading

depending on context.

No. Swedish verbs do not change for person in the present tense the way English verbs do.

For example:

• jag läser = I read / I am reading
• du läser = you read / you are reading
• doktorn läser = the doctor reads / is reading
• de läser = they read / are reading

So läser stays the same no matter who is doing the action.

It is a compound noun, which is very common in Swedish.

It is built from:

• prov = test, exam, or sometimes sample
• svar = answer or response
• -et = the definite ending for a neuter noun

So provsvaret literally looks like the test-answer/response.

The exact English translation depends on context, but the important grammar point is that Swedish often joins words together into one compound noun.

Because Swedish nouns belong to different grammatical genders, and the definite ending depends on the gender.

Very simply:

• common gender nouns often take -en or -n in the definite singular
• neuter nouns often take -et or -t

Here:

• doktor is a common gender noun → doktorn
• svar is a neuter noun → svaret

Since provsvaret is a compound whose final part is svar, the whole compound behaves like a neuter noun and takes -et.

In Swedish compounds, the last part is the main noun, and that is where definiteness is marked.

So Swedish says:

• provsvaret

not something like:

• provet svaret

The final element controls the grammar of the whole compound. This is very typical in Swedish.

No, this is the basic Swedish word order for a simple statement:

Subject + Verb + Object

• Doktorn = subject
• läser = verb
• provsvaret = object

So it works very much like English:

• The doctor reads the test result.

This is the most neutral word order in a main clause.

Yes. Läkaren is often the more standard word for the doctor in the medical sense.

• läkare = doctor / physician
• läkaren = the doctor

doktor can also mean doctor, and in many contexts it works fine, but it can also be used for someone with a doctorate. In real usage, läkare/läkaren is often the clearer word when you mean a medical doctor.

So both may be possible depending on context, but läkaren is often the safer choice for physician.

Yes. Swedish present tense often covers both ideas.

So Doktorn läser provsvaret can mean:

• The doctor reads the test result
• The doctor is reading the test result

Context tells you which one sounds most natural in English.

You would use the indefinite forms of the nouns:

• En doktor läser ett provsvar.

That means A doctor is reading a test result / a sample answer, depending on context.

Compare:

• Doktorn läser provsvaret. = The doctor reads/is reading the test result
• En doktor läser ett provsvar. = A doctor reads/is reading a test result

This is a useful contrast because it shows both the Swedish articles and the noun endings.

A learner often notices that the final -rn cluster can be tricky.

In careful pronunciation, doktorn is roughly dok-torn, but in natural speech the ending may sound smoother and less fully pronounced than an English speaker expects.

Also, Swedish stress usually falls on the first syllable here:

• DOK-torn
• LÄ-ser
• PROV-sva-ret

The exact pronunciation varies somewhat by accent, but the main thing to remember is that Swedish spelling is fairly consistent, even if some consonant clusters feel unfamiliar at first.