Veterinären förklarar provsvaret utan att ändra ordinationen.

Because veterinären is the definite singular form of veterinär.

• en veterinär = a veterinarian
• veterinären = the veterinarian

Swedish usually attaches the definite article to the end of the noun instead of putting a separate word in front, so this -en works like English the.

Förklarar is the present tense form of the verb förklara.

• att förklara = to explain
• förklarar = explains / is explaining

In this sentence, the subject is veterinären, so the verb needs to be a finite verb: förklarar.

A useful thing for English speakers: Swedish present tense does not change by person.

• jag förklarar = I explain
• du förklarar = you explain
• hon förklarar = she explains

The form stays the same.

It can mean either one, depending on context.

Swedish present tense often covers both:

• The veterinarian explains the test result
• The veterinarian is explaining the test result

So förklarar can match both English simple present and present continuous.

Because Swedish normally forms compound nouns by writing them as one word.

Here:

• prov = test / sample
• svar = answer / result

Together:

• provsvar = test result, lab result

Then the definite ending is added:

• provsvaret = the test result

This is very common in Swedish. English often uses separate words where Swedish prefers one compound word.

Because provsvar is a neuter noun (ett noun), so its definite singular ending is -et.

• ett provsvar = a test result
• provsvaret = the test result

Compare:

• en veterinär → veterinären
• ett provsvar → provsvaret

So the ending depends on whether the noun is an en-word or an ett-word.

Utan att means without when followed by a verb.

So:

• utan att ändra ordinationen = without changing the prescription / treatment instructions

This is a very common Swedish pattern:

• utan att säga något = without saying anything
• utan att fråga = without asking
• utan att ändra ordinationen = without changing the prescription

For English speakers, it helps to think of utan att + infinitive as a standard structure meaning without doing something.

Because after att you normally use the infinitive form of the verb.

• att ändra = to change
• ändrar = changes / is changing

So:

• utan att ändra = without changing

Not:

• utan att ändrar ❌

This is similar to English to change, not to changes.

Ordinationen is the definite form of ordination.

• en ordination = a prescription, medical order, treatment instruction, prescribed regimen
• ordinationen = the prescription / the treatment plan / the medical instructions

In medical Swedish, ordination is often broader than just a written prescription. It can refer to what has been prescribed or ordered medically, such as medication, dosage, or treatment instructions.

So in this sentence, ordinationen may mean:

• the prescription
• the medication plan
• the treatment instructions

depending on context.

Because it refers to a specific, known prescription or treatment plan.

• en ordination = a prescription / treatment plan
• ordinationen = the prescription / treatment plan

In context, the veterinarian is not changing just any treatment plan, but the one already relevant to the case.

Swedish uses the definite form this way very naturally when both speaker and listener know which thing is meant.

Yes, it is very normal.

The basic structure is:

• Veterinären = subject
• förklarar = verb
• provsvaret = object
• utan att ändra ordinationen = added phrase

So the sentence follows standard main-clause word order:

Subject + verb + object + extra information

That is the most neutral way to say it.

Yes, it could.

For example:

• Utan att ändra ordinationen förklarar veterinären provsvaret.

That is grammatical. But when you move something to the front in Swedish main clauses, the finite verb still has to stay in the second position. That is why it becomes:

• Utan att ändra ordinationen
  • förklarar
    • veterinären ...

This is the famous Swedish V2 word order rule.

Yes, literally it is built from words meaning something like test answer, but in actual usage it means test result or lab result.

That is common with Swedish compounds: the literal parts help you understand the word, but the natural English translation may be a little different.

So in normal English, provsvaret is best understood as:

• the test result
• the lab result

rather than the more literal but less natural the test answer.

A few things:

1. Definite endings are attached to the noun

   • veterinären
   • provsvaret
   • ordinationen

2. Swedish compounds are written as one word

   • provsvar

3. Present tense is the same for all persons

   • förklarar

4. Swedish often uses simple present where English might use present continuous

   • förklarar = explains / is explaining

5. utan att + infinitive is a very common structure

   • utan att ändra = without changing

So even though the sentence is not very long, it contains several very typical Swedish patterns.