Una rosa roja crece en el jardín.

A red rose grows in the garden.

Breakdown of Una rosa roja crece en el jardín.

• en: in
• el jardín: the garden
• crecer: to grow
• rojo: red
• la rosa: the rose

Questions & Answers about Una rosa roja crece en el jardín.

What does una mean, and how do I know when to use una instead of un in Spanish?

Una is the feminine singular indefinite article, equivalent to a or an in English. You use una with feminine nouns and un with masculine nouns. For example:

• una casa (a house)
• un perro (a dog)

Since rosa is feminine, we say una rosa.

Why is rosa a feminine noun? Are all words ending in -a feminine?

Many Spanish nouns ending in -a are feminine (like la mesa, la ventana, la silla), but there are exceptions (for example, el día, el mapa). The gender of a noun is largely conventional. In this case, rosa is simply classified as feminine, so it takes feminine articles and adjectives.

Why is the adjective roja placed after the noun rosa, and why does it end in -a?

By default, descriptive adjectives in Spanish follow the noun they modify:
English: “a red rose” → Spanish: una rosa roja

Adjectives must agree with the noun in gender and number. Since rosa is feminine singular, roja is also feminine singular. A masculine singular version would be rojo (e.g., un coche rojo).

What does crece mean, and how is it formed?

Crece is the third-person singular (él/ella/usted) form of the verb crecer, which means to grow, in the simple present tense:

• Yo crezco (I grow)
• Tú creces (you grow)
• Él/ella crece (he/she grows)

Because una rosa is a third-person singular subject, we use crece.

Could I say está creciendo instead of crece? What’s the difference?

Yes. Está creciendo is the present progressive form:
Una rosa roja está creciendo (“A red rose is growing”)

Difference:

• crece (simple present) often expresses general truths or habitual actions.
• está creciendo (present progressive) emphasizes an action happening right now.

Why is en el jardín used for “in the garden”? Why not a or por, and why el?

• en means in or on, indicating location.
• a usually means to, and por often means through or by, so they don’t fit “in the garden.”
• jardín is a masculine noun, so it takes the masculine article el.

Why does jardín have an accent on the í?

Spanish accent rules:

1. Words ending in a vowel, n, or s are stressed on the penultimate syllable.
2. Words ending in other consonants are stressed on the last syllable.
3. If a word breaks these rules, you mark the stressed syllable with an accent.

Jardín (two syllables: jar-dín) ends in n but is stressed on the last syllable, so it needs an accent on the í.

Can I flip the sentence and say En el jardín crece una rosa roja?

Yes. Spanish word order is flexible. Placing en el jardín at the beginning simply emphasizes the location:
En el jardín crece una rosa roja.
It means the same thing as the original.

How would I say “the red rose grows in the garden” instead of “a red rose”?

Use the definite article la for feminine singular:
La rosa roja crece en el jardín.
This specifies the red rose rather than a red rose.

How do I say “red roses grow in the garden” in Spanish?

Make the noun and adjective plural, and use the third-person plural of the verb:

• Rosas (roses) → feminine plural
• rojas (red) → feminine plural
• crecen → present tense, third-person plural of crecer

Full sentence:
Rosas rojas crecen en el jardín.