Bole me leđa.

Because leđa is grammatically plural in Serbian, so the verb also has to be plural.

• boli = it hurts
• bole = they hurt

So Serbian treats this as something like my back hurts me with back expressed by the plural noun leđa.

Compare:

• Boli me glava. = My head hurts.
• Bole me oči. = My eyes hurt.
• Bole me leđa. = My back hurts.

In Serbian, leđa is normally a plural-only noun when it means a person’s back. This is just one of those vocabulary facts you have to learn with the word.

So even though English says back, Serbian says leđa, which is plural in form. That is why the verb is plural too: bole.

me is the unstressed accusative form of ja (I / me).

In this sentence, it means me, and it marks the person who feels the pain.

So the structure is roughly:

• leđa = the thing that hurts
• me = the person affected

Literally, the sentence is closer to The back hurts me, even though in natural English we say My back hurts.

The subject is leđa.

You can tell because the verb agrees with leđa:

• leđa is plural
• the verb is bole, also plural

So:

• leđa = subject
• me = object/experiencer

This is different from English, where my back is also the subject, but English does not use the same kind of me structure here.

Because with body parts, Serbian often leaves the possessive unstated if it is obvious from context.

So Bole me leđa. already naturally means My back hurts. You do not usually need to say moja leđa.

If you added a possessive, it would usually sound unnecessary unless you are stressing contrast:

• Ne bole tebe leđa, nego mene. = It’s not your back that hurts, it’s mine.

Yes, but only within Serbian clitic rules.

me is a clitic, and clitics usually go near the beginning of the sentence, often in the second position.

Natural orders include:

• Bole me leđa.
• Leđa me bole.

Both are fine. The difference is mainly emphasis:

• Bole me leđa. = neutral, very common
• Leđa me bole. = slightly more emphasis on back

A form like Me bole leđa is not normally used as a standalone sentence, because clitics like me do not normally come first.

In standard Serbian, the expected form is bole me leđa, because leđa is plural.

So for a learner, the safe and correct choice is:

• Bole me leđa.

Using boli here would sound nonstandard or wrong in careful Serbian.

The dictionary form is boleti = to hurt / to ache

In this sentence:

• bole is the present tense, 3rd person plural form of boleti

A few useful forms:

• boli = it hurts
• bole = they hurt

Examples:

• Boli me stomak. = My stomach hurts.
• Bole me noge. = My legs hurt.

Two common ways are:

• Bole li te leđa?
• Da li te bole leđa?

Both mean Does your back hurt?

Here:

• te = you in the accusative clitic form
• leđa stays the same
• bole stays plural because leđa is plural

You say:

• Ne bole me leđa. = My back doesn’t hurt.

The negative particle ne goes with the verb:

• bole → ne bole

Because those are different case forms.

In Bole me leđa, leđa is the subject, so it is in the nominative form.

But in other expressions, Serbian uses another case:

• Imam bol u leđima. = I have pain in my back.

Here leđima is used after the preposition u.

So:

• leđa = nominative/accusative plural form
• leđima = dative/instrumental/locative plural form

Yes. A more formal or clinical way is:

• Imam bol u leđima. = I have pain in my back.
• Imam bolove u leđima. = I have back pains / I have pain in my back.

But in everyday speech, Bole me leđa. is the most natural way to say My back hurts.

The letter đ is a soft sound that does not exist exactly in standard English.

A useful approximation is something like the dj sound in:

• duke in some British pronunciations
• or a very soft j-like sound

So leđa sounds approximately like LEH-dya, but softer and more fused than that English spelling suggests.

You do not need a perfect imitation at first; the important thing is not to pronounce it like a hard g or plain d.

Yes. Serbian often uses boleti in the same pattern:

• Boli me glava. = My head hurts.
• Boli me zub. = My tooth hurts.
• Bole me oči. = My eyes hurt.
• Bole me leđa. = My back hurts.

The key thing to watch is agreement:

• singular body part → boli
• plural body part → bole

And since leđa is plural, it takes bole.