Мой сад зелёный.

In Russian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense.

So:

• Мой сад зелёный = My garden is green

But in other tenses, Russian does use forms of to be:

• Мой сад был зелёный = My garden was green
• Мой сад будет зелёный = My garden will be green

So the sentence is complete even without a separate word for is.

They end that way because they both agree with сад.

Сад is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

So the words describing it also take masculine singular nominative forms:

• мой = my for a masculine singular noun
• зелёный = green for a masculine singular noun

Compare:

• мой сад = my garden
• моя книга = my book
• моё окно = my window
• мои друзья = my friends

Russian adjectives and possessives must match the noun in gender, number, and case.

It is in the nominative case.

That is because сад is the subject of the sentence: the garden is what we are talking about.

Also, зелёный is in the nominative too, because it is a predicate adjective agreeing with сад.

So the structure is basically:

• Мой сад = subject
• зелёный = description of the subject

It is pronounced roughly zyee-LYO-nyy.

Important points:

• ё is always stressed
• ё sounds like yo
• the final -ый is pronounced something like -yy

So:

• зелёный = zyee-LYO-nyy

Also, many printed texts write е instead of ё, so you may sometimes see зеленый. But it is still usually pronounced зелёный.

Yes. In many everyday texts, Russians often write е instead of ё, so you may see:

• зелёный
• зеленый

Both can refer to the same word.

However, for learners, ё is very helpful because it shows:

• the correct vowel sound
• the stress position

So in learning materials, зелёный with ё is better and clearer.

That would mean something slightly different in structure.

• Мой сад зелёный = My garden is green
• Мой зелёный сад = My green garden

In the first sentence, зелёный is the main predicate: it tells you something about the garden.

In the second, зелёный is just an adjective inside the noun phrase my green garden.

So:

• Мой сад зелёный. = full sentence
• Мой зелёный сад. = usually just a phrase, not a complete statement by itself

Yes, Russian word order is more flexible than English, but the emphasis changes.

The most neutral order here is:

• Мой сад зелёный.

Other orders are possible, for example:

• Сад мой зелёный.
• Зелёный мой сад.

These may sound more poetic, emphatic, or marked depending on context.

For a beginner, it is best to learn Мой сад зелёный as the normal neutral version.

Russian does not have articles.

So Russian does not normally distinguish with separate words between:

• a garden
• the garden

The exact meaning depends on context.

That means сад can mean:

• a garden
• the garden
• just garden in a general sense

In this sentence, the possessive мой already makes it specific: my garden.

You might see зелён, which is the short form of the adjective, but it is much less common for most learners and can sound literary, poetic, or stylistically marked.

For normal everyday Russian, Мой сад зелёный is the safer and more standard form.

So:

• зелёный = full form, normal here
• зелён = short form, possible but less common and more stylistically special

At beginner level, use зелёный.

Not always. Сад can mean:

• garden
• orchard
• sometimes a cultivated green area, depending on context

So the exact English translation depends on the situation.

But grammatically, that does not change how the sentence works: Мой сад зелёный still has the same structure no matter which English word fits best in context.