Нитрат быстро вырос.

Because нитрат is a masculine singular noun, and Russian past-tense verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

• вырос = masculine singular
• выросла = feminine singular
• выросло = neuter singular
• выросли = plural

So with нитрат, the correct form is вырос.

It is in the nominative case, because it is the subject of the sentence — the thing that did the action or underwent the change.

So in Нитрат быстро вырос, нитрат is the thing that increased/grew.

Быстро is an adverb, meaning quickly / rapidly. It describes how the nitrate grew or increased.

So the structure is:

• Нитрат = subject
• быстро = adverb
• вырос = verb

Russian adverbs do not change form for gender, number, or case.

This is about aspect.

• расти / рос = imperfective: emphasizes the process, ongoing growth, or repeated growth
• вырасти / вырос = perfective: emphasizes the result or completed increase

So:

• Нитрат рос = The nitrate was growing / used to grow
• Нитрат вырос = The nitrate grew / increased (with focus on the completed change)

In a sentence describing a finished change, вырос is very natural.

It can mean both, depending on context.

With living things, it often means grew up / became bigger.
With numbers, levels, prices, concentrations, and similar things, it often means increased / rose.

So with нитрат, the sentence is most naturally understood in a scientific or technical sense as:

• the nitrate level increased
• the nitrate concentration rose

Yes, it can be natural, especially in scientific, environmental, or technical contexts.

However, in many real-life situations, Russian speakers might more specifically say:

• Уровень нитрата быстро вырос = The nitrate level rose quickly
• Концентрация нитрата быстро выросла = The nitrate concentration increased quickly

That is because нитрат by itself can sound a little abbreviated unless the context already makes clear that you mean the level or concentration of nitrate.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible, and changing it can shift the emphasis.

For example:

• Нитрат быстро вырос. = neutral
• Быстро вырос нитрат. = emphasizes the fact that it was nitrate that rose
• Нитрат вырос быстро. = slightly stronger focus on quickly

The original order is a normal, neutral way to say it.

Because Russian does not use auxiliary verbs the same way English often does.

In the past tense, Russian usually just uses the past-tense form of the main verb:

• вырос = grew / increased

So you do not need a separate word for did or was here.

In Russian, adverbs like быстро normally modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs — not nouns.

Since быстро is an adverb, it naturally modifies вырос:

• вырос быстро = grew quickly

If you wanted to describe the noun directly, you would usually need an adjective instead.

The dictionary form is вырасти.

This is an irregular-looking past form, so it is worth learning as a set:

• infinitive: вырасти
• past masculine: вырос
• past feminine: выросла
• past neuter: выросло
• past plural: выросли

Many Russian verbs show stem changes like this, so it is normal that вырасти becomes вырос in the past.

The stress is on the last syllable:

• нитрАт

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• nee-TRAT

And the verb:

• вЫрос = stress on the first syllable

So the whole sentence is pronounced approximately:

• нитрАТ бЫстро вЫрос