Хвостовик слишком длинный.

In Russian, the verb to be is normally omitted in the present tense.

So:

• Хвостовик слишком длинный. = The shank/tang/stem is too long.

But in the past or future, Russian does use forms of быть:

• Хвостовик был слишком длинный. = The shank was too long.
• Хвостовик будет слишком длинный. = The shank will be too long.

This is one of the most common differences from English.

Russian has no articles. There is no direct equivalent of a/an or the.

So Хвостовик слишком длинный could mean:

• The shank is too long
• A shank is too long

Which one is intended depends on the context.

If you need to make something more definite or specific, Russian usually does it through:

• context
• word order
• demonstratives like этот (this)

For example:

• Этот хвостовик слишком длинный. = This shank is too long.

Because длинный is an adjective, and it must agree with хвостовик.

Хвостовик is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective also appears in the masculine singular nominative form:

• длинный

Compare:

• длинный хвостовик — masculine
• длинная деталь — feminine
• длинное сверло — neuter
• длинные детали — plural

Here, хвостовик is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence.

длинный is also in the nominative masculine singular form because it is a full-form predicate adjective agreeing with the subject.

So the structure is basically:

• [subject in nominative] + [adverb] + [adjective agreeing with the subject]

That gives:

• Хвостовик слишком длинный.

No. Слишком means too, overly, or more than is acceptable.

So:

• слишком длинный = too long
• очень длинный = very long

That is an important difference:

• очень just intensifies
• слишком implies a problem

Compare:

• Хвостовик очень длинный. = The shank is very long.
• Хвостовик слишком длинный. = The shank is too long.

Yes, Russian word order is fairly flexible, but different orders can sound more or less natural depending on context.

The most neutral version here is:

• Хвостовик слишком длинный.

Other possibilities:

• Хвостовик длинный. = The shank is long.
• Слишком длинный хвостовик. = A too-long shank / the too-long shank as a noun phrase, not a full sentence by itself in most contexts.
• Хвостовик длинный. can sound contrastive, depending on intonation: The shank is long.

So for a simple statement, Хвостовик слишком длинный is the best default.

A helpful approximate pronunciation is:

• khvas-ta-VEEK slish-KOM DLEEN-nyy

More precisely:

• Хвостовик — stress on the last syllable: хвостови́к
• слишком — stress on the first syllable: сли́шком
• длинный — stress on the first syllable: дли́нный

A few pronunciation notes:

• х sounds like a rough h/ch sound, not like English h
• вхв at the start of хвостовик can feel difficult; say it slowly at first: хво-сто-вик
• the nn in длинный is written double, but in normal speech you do not need to exaggerate it much

Yes, grammatically you can. Длинен is the short form of the adjective.

So both are possible:

• Хвостовик слишком длинный.
• Хвостовик слишком длинен.

But there is a difference in style:

• длинный is the more common, neutral everyday form
• длинен sounds more formal, literary, or stylistically marked

For most learners, длинный is the safer choice.

Not really. It is usually a technical or specialized word.

Depending on context, хвостовик can refer to things like a:

• shank
• tang
• stem
• tailpiece-type part

So the grammar of the sentence is completely normal Russian, but the noun itself is somewhat technical.

In this sentence, длинный is not just modifying the noun inside a noun phrase. It is part of the predicate:

• Хвостовик = subject
• слишком длинный = what is being said about it

Compare:

• длинный хвостовик = a long shank
  Here the adjective is simply attached to the noun.
• Хвостовик слишком длинный = The shank is too long
  Here the adjective is the main description in the sentence.

So after the noun, it functions more like English is long, even though Russian leaves out is in the present tense.