Промерзание видно на стене.

Промерзание is a noun, not a verb form.

• It comes from the verb промерзать / промёрзнуть.
• It names the process or result of something freezing through.
• In construction or home-repair contexts, it often means something like freezing-through, cold penetration, or a frost-affected area.

So this sentence is talking about the phenomenon itself, not saying that something is freezing right now.

In this kind of sentence, промерзание usually has a practical, physical meaning:

• part of a wall getting too cold,
• moisture/frost appearing because of poor insulation,
• a spot where the wall has frozen through.

So it sounds more technical or building-related than everyday emotional I’m freezing vocabulary.

Here видно means visible / can be seen.

For learners, the easiest way to understand it is:

• X видно = X is visible / You can see X

With промерзание, the form видно also matches the fact that промерзание is neuter singular.

Compare:

• трещина видна — the crack is visible
• пятно видно — the stain is visible
• следы видны — the traces are visible

So видно is the natural predicate here.

Because Russian normally omits the present-tense form of быть (to be).

So where English says:

• The freezing-through is visible on the wall

Russian simply says:

• Промерзание видно на стене.

This is completely normal. The idea of is is understood automatically.

Стене is prepositional singular.

The basic noun is:

• стена — wall

After на when it means on / at in a location sense, Russian uses the prepositional case:

• на стене — on the wall

So:

• стена → на стене

Because на стене means on the wall / on the surface of the wall.

That fits the idea that the problem is visible on the wall.

Compare:

• на стене — on the wall, on its surface
• в стене — in the wall, inside the wall

So if you mean marks, dampness, frost, cracks, or visible damage on the surface, на стене is the natural choice.

In normal learning terms, yes: you can treat промерзание as the thing being talked about, so effectively the subject.

So the sentence works like:

• Промерзание — topic / thing
• видно на стене — what is being said about it

One small advanced point: because промерзание is neuter and inanimate, its nominative and accusative forms look the same. Also, видно can behave a bit like a predicative word meaning can be seen. But for practical purposes, reading it as The freezing-through is visible on the wall is perfectly fine.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible.

This sentence could also appear as:

• На стене видно промерзание.

The meaning stays basically the same, but the focus shifts a little:

• Промерзание видно на стене.
  Focus first on the freezing-through.
• На стене видно промерзание.
  Focus first on where it is visible.

Both are natural, depending on context.

Because видимое is a full adjective form, while видно works naturally in the predicate.

• видно = is visible / can be seen
• видимое = visible before a noun

For example:

• Видимое повреждение — visible damage
• Повреждение видно — The damage is visible

So in this sentence, видно is the correct structure.

The stress is:

• промерза́ние
• ви́дно
• на стене́

So the whole sentence is:

• Промерза́ние ви́дно на стене́.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• pra-myer-ZA-ni-ye VEED-na na stye-NYE

The main thing to remember is the final stress in стене́, not сте́не.

That would be a different structure, because now the wall is doing the action.

You could say:

• Стена промерзает. — The wall is freezing through.
• Стена промёрзла. — The wall has frozen through.

So compare:

• Промерзание видно на стене. — talking about the visible phenomenon
• Стена промерзает. — talking about what the wall is doing

That difference is very useful to notice.