Заказчик отправил исходный текст.

Заказчик usually means client, customer, or the person who commissioned the work. In business, translation, design, or freelance contexts, client is often the best English equivalent.

It is a masculine noun in Russian, and here it is the subject of the sentence.

In the past tense, Russian verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

Here the subject is заказчик, which is grammatically masculine singular, so the verb is отправил.

Compare:

• заказчик отправил = the client sent (masculine singular)
• заказчица отправила = the female client sent
• заказчики отправили = the clients sent

Отправил is the perfective past tense of отправить, so it presents the action as completed: the sending happened successfully as a whole.

That fits a simple factual statement like this one.

If you used отправлял instead, that would be the imperfective past:

• it could suggest process or repeated action
• it might mean was sending, used to send, or did send with less emphasis on completion

So:

• Заказчик отправил исходный текст = the client sent the source text
• Заказчик отправлял исходный текст = the client was sending / sent it at some point / used to send it, depending on context

Because it is a direct object in the accusative case, and for inanimate masculine singular nouns, the accusative looks the same as the nominative.

So:

• nominative: исходный текст
• accusative: исходный текст

That is normal.

If the noun were animate, you would often see a different form in the accusative.

In many professional contexts, especially translation, исходный текст means source text.

More generally, исходный can mean original, initial, or source depending on context.

So this phrase is not just any text; it usually means the text that serves as the starting point for some work.

• заказчик is in the nominative singular because it is the subject.
• исходный текст is in the accusative singular because it is the direct object.

This is a very common Russian sentence pattern:

subject + past-tense verb + direct object

Yes. Russian word order is fairly flexible because case endings show grammatical roles.

The version here, Заказчик отправил исходный текст, is the most neutral and natural way to present the information.

Other orders are possible, but they change emphasis:

• Исходный текст отправил заказчик = emphasizes that it was the client who sent the source text
• Отправил заказчик исходный текст = possible, but less neutral and more marked

So the original order is the safest default for learners.

Russian has no articles. There is no direct equivalent of the or a/an in normal sentence structure.

So Заказчик отправил исходный текст could mean:

• The client sent the source text
• A client sent a source text

Which one is meant depends on context. In many real situations, context makes it obvious.

Grammatically, заказчик is masculine. The specifically feminine form is заказчица.

However, in formal or professional language, Russian often uses masculine job or role nouns in a general way. So in some contexts, заказчик may still be used as the role name even if the person is female.

If you want to make it explicitly feminine, you would say:

• Заказчица отправила исходный текст

Yes, the sentence does not say to whom the text was sent, and that is completely normal.

Russian can omit information that is:

• already known from context
• unimportant
• not the focus of the sentence

If you wanted to include the recipient, you could add it:

• Заказчик отправил исходный текст переводчику = the client sent the source text to the translator

So the original sentence simply focuses on the completed action and the object sent.