Судя по загрузке белья, одного цикла стирки достаточно.

Судя по means something like judging by, based on, or going by.

It introduces the basis for a conclusion:

• Судя по погоде, будет дождь. — Judging by the weather, it will rain.
• Судя по его голосу, он устал. — Judging by his voice, he is tired.

In your sentence, Судя по загрузке белья means judging by the amount of laundry / based on the laundry load.

Grammatically, судя is historically related to the verb судить (to judge), but learners usually treat судя по as a fixed expression.

Because after по in this expression, Russian uses the dative case.

So:

• загрузка → nominative
• загрузке → dative

That is why you get:

• судя по загрузке
• по голосу
• по виду
• по результатам

A good way to learn this is simply as a pattern:

• судя по + dative

Here загрузка белья means the laundry load — basically, how much laundry there is in the washing machine or how full the machine is.

The noun загрузка can mean loading, load, or capacity/load amount, depending on context. In washing-machine language, it often refers to the amount of clothes being washed.

So судя по загрузке белья is not about the act of loading the machine, but about the size of the load.

Because белья is the genitive singular form of бельё.

Бельё is a mass/collective noun. Depending on context, it can mean:

• laundry
• linen
• underwear

In this sentence it means laundry.

The phrase загрузка белья literally works like load of laundry, so белья is in the genitive, just like:

• стакан воды — a glass of water
• чашка чая — a cup of tea
• загрузка белья — a load of laundry

Because достаточно normally takes the genitive case for the thing that is sufficient.

So Russian asks, in effect:

• достаточно чего? — enough of what?

That gives:

• одного цикла стирки — one wash cycle, in the genitive

Compare:

• Одного дня достаточно. — One day is enough.
• Этого времени достаточно. — This time is enough.
• Денег достаточно. — There is enough money.

So in your sentence:

• одного = genitive singular of один
• цикла = genitive singular of цикл
• стирки = genitive singular of стирка

In this sentence, достаточно means is enough / is sufficient.

It often behaves like a predicative word, and the thing that is enough usually appears in the genitive:

• Воды достаточно. — There is enough water.
• Одного раза достаточно. — One time is enough.
• Этого достаточно. — That is enough.

So:

• одного цикла стирки достаточно = one wash cycle is enough

Russian does not need a present-tense verb is here.

Because in the present tense, Russian usually omits the verb to be.

So where English says:

• One cycle is enough

Russian simply says:

• Одного цикла достаточно

This is completely normal. You will see the same pattern in many sentences:

• Он врач. — He is a doctor.
• Это важно. — This is important.
• Времени мало. — There is little time.

Not quite.

• стирка = washing, laundry, the washing process
• цикл стирки = a wash cycle, one full machine cycle

So одного цикла стирки достаточно is more specific than just saying одной стирки достаточно.

A цикл is the machine’s programmed run. In appliance language, this is very natural.

You might also see:

• программа стирки — washing program / wash setting
• режим стирки — washing mode

These are related, but not always identical.

Because it depends on цикла.

This is a common noun + noun pattern in Russian:

• цикл чего? — cycle of what?
• цикл стирки — wash cycle / cycle of washing

So the structure is:

• одного — modifies цикла
• цикла стирки — cycle of washing

This is the same idea as:

• чашка кофе — cup of coffee
• начало урока — beginning of the lesson
• конец фильма — end of the film

Yes. Russian word order is flexible, and changing it affects emphasis more than basic meaning.

Original:

• Судя по загрузке белья, одного цикла стирки достаточно.

Possible variant:

• Одного цикла стирки достаточно, судя по загрузке белья.

Both are natural. The original version puts the basis for the judgment first: judging by the load of laundry...

That feels very natural in instructions, comments, or practical speech.

Yes. They are the same word.

• бельё is the fully marked spelling
• белье is a common spelling without ё

In modern printed Russian, ё is often replaced by е, although dictionaries usually show ё. For learners, it is useful to know that the correct pronunciation here is with yo:

• бельё

The same thing happens in many words:

• всё often written as все
• ещё sometimes written as еще

Yes, a very natural alternative would be:

• Судя по загрузке белья, хватит одного цикла стирки.

This also means one wash cycle will be enough.

The difference is mostly stylistic:

• достаточно sounds a bit more neutral or formal
• хватит often sounds a bit more conversational

Both are common and correct.

Yes.

The noun цикл is masculine, so один agrees with it:

• nominative: один цикл
• genitive: одного цикла

Because the sentence needs the genitive after достаточно, the form becomes одного.

So the agreement is:

• одного
  • цикла

If the noun were feminine, you would get a different form:

• одной стирки достаточно — one wash is enough

Yes. It sounds natural, especially in contexts like:

• talking about washing machine loads
• giving household advice
• writing appliance-related comments
• discussing whether a second wash is necessary

It is slightly matter-of-fact and practical in tone. A native speaker could definitely say it.

A more everyday spoken version might also be:

• По такой загрузке одного цикла достаточно.
• На такую загрузку одного цикла достаточно.

But your original sentence is perfectly natural and idiomatic.