Доктор женат?

In Russian, the verb to be is usually omitted in the present tense.

So Russian says:

Доктор женат?

where English needs:

Is the doctor married?

This is completely normal. In the past or future, forms of быть can appear again, for example:

• Доктор был женат? = Was the doctor married?

Женат is the short form of the adjective, and in Russian the short form is normally used when saying someone is married.

So:

• Доктор женат. = The doctor is married.

The full form женатый is more natural when it comes before a noun:

• женатый доктор = a married doctor
• женатый мужчина = a married man

So in this sentence, женат is the expected form.

Yes. Женат is used for a married man.

If the doctor were female, standard Russian would normally say:

• Доктор замужем? = Is the doctor married? (about a woman)

So the marital-status word changes according to the person’s gender, even if the noun доктор itself stays the same.

Russian often forms yes/no questions just with intonation and a question mark in writing.

So:

• Доктор женат. = statement
• Доктор женат? = question

The word order can stay the same. This is very common in everyday Russian.

Yes. Женат ли доктор? is also correct and means the same thing.

The difference is mostly style:

• Доктор женат? = neutral, common, conversational
• Женат ли доктор? = more formal or bookish

So the version in your sentence is the most natural everyday pattern.

Доктор is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence.

The word женат is a short-form adjective used predicatively, so it does not behave like a normal full adjective with case endings here.

The stress is:

• до́ктор жена́т?

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• DOK-tər zhy-NAT?

A few details:

• до́ктор has stress on the first syllable
• жена́т has stress on the second syllable
• the ж sound is like the s in measure

Russian has no articles, so there is no direct equivalent of a or the.

That means доктор can mean:

• doctor
• a doctor
• the doctor

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, English usually uses the doctor, but Russian does not need a separate word for that.

It is a normal word, but врач is often the more neutral and standard word for a medical doctor.

So both can refer to a doctor, but:

• врач = very standard for a physician
• доктор = also common, especially in speech, but can sometimes also mean doctor in the academic sense

In your sentence, доктор is perfectly understandable as doctor in the medical sense.