Гарантийные обязательства действуют вне зависимости от субподрядчика.

Гарантийные обязательства literally means warranty obligations or guarantee obligations.

It is plural because обязательства is the plural of обязательство (obligation, commitment, often in a legal or contractual sense). In business/legal Russian, this plural phrase is very common when talking about the duties a company has under a warranty.

So:

• обязательство = one obligation
• обязательства = obligations

And because the noun is plural, the adjective is plural too:

• гарантийное обязательство
• гарантийные обязательства

It is in the nominative plural.

Why? Because it is the subject of the sentence:

• Гарантийные обязательства = the thing that действуют

The verb действуют is plural, which also shows that the subject is plural.

Because it agrees with the plural subject гарантийные обязательства.

Russian verbs in the present tense agree with the subject in number:

• обязательство действует = the obligation is in force / applies
• обязательства действуют = the obligations are in force / apply

So действуют is simply the correct plural form of действовать.

Not in this sentence.

The verb действовать can mean to act, but in legal, administrative, and business language it very often means:

• to be in force
• to apply
• to remain valid
• to have effect

So here Гарантийные обязательства действуют means something like:

• The warranty obligations remain in force
• The warranty obligations apply
• The warranty obligations are valid

This is a very common official-style use of действовать.

Вне зависимости от means regardless of, irrespective of, or independently of.

It is a fixed expression often used in formal or written Russian.

Examples:

• вне зависимости от обстоятельств = regardless of the circumstances
• вне зависимости от времени = regardless of the time
• вне зависимости от субподрядчика = regardless of the subcontractor

It sounds fairly formal. In less formal language, Russian often uses независимо от with the same meaning.

Субподрядчика is in the genitive singular.

That is because the phrase вне зависимости от requires от + genitive.

So:

• субподрядчик = nominative singular
• от субподрядчика = genitive singular after от

This is something you mostly just learn as part of the expression:

• зависимость от кого? чего?
• вне зависимости от кого? чего?

Russian often uses the singular in general statements when talking about a category or role.

So вне зависимости от субподрядчика means:

• regardless of which subcontractor it is
• regardless of the subcontractor involved

It does not necessarily mean there is only one subcontractor in the world. It is a generic singular.

If you wanted to refer specifically to multiple subcontractors, you could use the plural:

• вне зависимости от субподрядчиков

But in this sentence, the singular sounds natural and idiomatic.

Yes. That would be very natural.

Compare:

• вне зависимости от субподрядчика
• независимо от субподрядчика

Both mean regardless of the subcontractor.

The difference is mostly stylistic:

• вне зависимости от sounds a bit more formal, bureaucratic, or legal
• независимо от is also common and may sound slightly more straightforward

In contract or policy language, both are possible.

Субподрядчик means subcontractor.

It comes from:

• подрядчик = contractor
• субподрядчик = subcontractor

This is a standard business/construction/legal term. In this sentence, it refers to a third party carrying out part of the work under a contractor.

This is a very good question, because both can be translated as obligation or duty, but they are not used in exactly the same way.

Обязательство:

• often means a formal obligation, commitment, or liability
• common in legal, financial, and contractual language
• fits very well in гарантийные обязательства

Обязанность:

• often means a duty, responsibility, or job requirement
• more common for personal, professional, or moral duties

Examples:

• выполнять служебные обязанности = to perform one’s official duties
• договорные обязательства = contractual obligations

So in this sentence, обязательства is definitely the right word because the context is legal/contractual.

The word order is natural and neutral for formal written Russian:

• Гарантийные обязательства — subject
• действуют — verb
• вне зависимости от субподрядчика — adverbial/prepositional phrase

Russian word order is more flexible than English, so other orders are possible for emphasis. For example:

• Вне зависимости от субподрядчика гарантийные обязательства действуют.

This would put more emphasis on regardless of the subcontractor.

But the original order is very standard and clear.

Usually no, not in natural English.

Although действовать can sometimes correspond to work in other contexts, here the legal/business meaning is closer to:

• apply
• remain in force
• be valid

So the best kind of translation would be:

• Warranty obligations apply regardless of the subcontractor
• Warranty obligations remain in force regardless of the subcontractor

Using work would sound odd in this context.

The standard stress is:

гаранти́йные обяза́тельства де́йствуют вне зави́симости от субподря́дчика

Broken down:

• гаранти́йные
• обяза́тельства
• де́йствуют
• зави́симости
• субподря́дчика

Stress is worth learning here because several of these are long formal words.

It is natural, but definitely formal/business/legal in tone.

That is because of words and phrases like:

• гарантийные обязательства
• действуют
• вне зависимости от

In everyday conversation, a speaker might choose something simpler. But in contracts, policies, warranties, and official documents, this style is completely normal.