Lekarz potwierdził ciążę.

Because ciążę is in the accusative case, which is used here for the direct object of the verb potwierdził.

The dictionary form is ciąża.
For many feminine nouns ending in -a, the accusative singular changes to -ę:

• ciąża → ciążę
• kobieta → kobietę
• książka → książkę

So Lekarz potwierdził ciążę uses ciążę because the doctor confirmed what? → the pregnancy.

Lekarz is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence.

So the structure is:

• Lekarz — subject, nominative
• potwierdził — verb
• ciążę — direct object, accusative

This is a very common Polish pattern.

Potwierdził is the past tense, 3rd person singular, masculine form of potwierdzić.

It tells you that:

• the action happened in the past
• the subject is singular
• the subject is grammatically masculine

Since lekarz is masculine, the verb matches it:

• Lekarz potwierdził ciążę. — a male doctor confirmed the pregnancy.

If the subject were feminine, the verb would change:

• Lekarka potwierdziła ciążę.

By itself, lekarz is a masculine noun and often refers to a male doctor. In this sentence, the verb potwierdził also confirms that the doctor is male.

If the doctor were female, you would normally say:

• Lekarka potwierdziła ciążę.

However, in Polish, professional titles are sometimes used in broader ways depending on context. Still, in this exact sentence, the grammar points to a male doctor.

Because Polish has no articles.

English distinguishes between:

• a doctor
• the doctor

Polish usually does not. So Lekarz can mean:

• a doctor
• the doctor

The exact meaning depends on context.

This is a question of aspect.

• potwierdzić is perfective
• potwierdzać is imperfective

Potwierdził shows a completed action: the confirmation happened and is treated as a finished event.

So:

• Lekarz potwierdził ciążę. — the doctor confirmed the pregnancy.

If you said potwierdzał, it would suggest an ongoing, repeated, or background action, which sounds much less natural here.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English because case endings show who is doing what.

The neutral order here is:

• Lekarz potwierdził ciążę.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Ciążę potwierdził lekarz. — emphasizes the pregnancy
• Potwierdził ciążę lekarz. — more marked, often stylistic or contextual

Even though these are possible, Lekarz potwierdził ciążę is the most straightforward version for a learner.

Roughly, it sounds like chyaw-zhen or chyon-zhe, but there is no perfect English equivalent.

A few important points:

• ci before a vowel sounds like a soft ć
• ą is a nasal vowel
• ż sounds like the s in measure
• final ę is often pronounced less strongly nasal in normal speech

A careful pronunciation is approximately:

• ciążę → ĆON-zhę

But the real Polish sound is softer and more nasal than English spelling can show.

You would normally say:

• Lekarka potwierdziła ciążę.

Changes:

• lekarz → lekarka
• potwierdził → potwierdziła

Both the noun and the past-tense verb change to match feminine gender.

You may also hear:

• Pani doktor potwierdziła ciążę.

This is also very common in Polish.

Not exactly.

Potwierdzić means to confirm. It suggests that there was already some suspicion, sign, or test result, and the doctor officially confirmed it.

So it is closer to:

• confirm a pregnancy
• confirm that someone is pregnant

It is not exactly the same as first discovering or diagnosing it.

Polish often leaves out possessive words like his, her, or their when the meaning is obvious from context.

So Lekarz potwierdził ciążę can naturally mean:

• The doctor confirmed the pregnancy
• The doctor confirmed her pregnancy

If you really wanted to make the possession explicit, you could say:

• Lekarz potwierdził jej ciążę.

But often that is unnecessary.

Yes, very often.

Because the verb form gives information about person, number, and sometimes gender, Polish can omit the subject when it is clear from context.

So in context, you might simply hear:

• Potwierdził ciążę.

That would still mean He confirmed the pregnancy, and from context it might be understood that the doctor is meant.

But in your full sentence, Lekarz is included for clarity.

Yes, it is natural and grammatically correct.

It is a simple, standard sentence with:

• a subject in the nominative
• a perfective past-tense verb
• a direct object in the accusative

That makes it a very useful model sentence for learning basic Polish grammar.