Biblioteka naliczy opłatę.

Because naliczy is from the perfective verb naliczyć. In Polish, perfective verbs do not normally have a true present-tense meaning. Their present-looking forms usually refer to the future.

So:

• naliczać = imperfective, to be charging / to charge repeatedly
• naliczyć = perfective, to charge / assess / add up as a completed action

That means:

• Biblioteka nalicza opłatę. = The library is charging / charges a fee.
• Biblioteka naliczy opłatę. = The library will charge a fee.

So even though naliczy looks like a present form, it means will charge here.

Here naliczyć means something like:

• to charge
• to assess
• to apply
• to add on

In this context, it usually means that the library will officially add a fee to your account, for example for:

• a late return
• damage
• some service charge

So Biblioteka naliczy opłatę is a natural way to say that the library will impose or add a fee.

Because opłatę is in the accusative case, which is used for the direct object of the verb.

The base form is:

• opłata = fee nominative singular

But in this sentence, the fee is what the library will charge, so it is the object:

• Biblioteka naliczy opłatę.

For many feminine nouns ending in -a, the accusative singular changes to -ę:

• opłata → opłatę
• książka → książkę
• kara → karę

So opłatę is exactly what you would expect here.

Because biblioteka is the subject of the sentence, and subjects are normally in the nominative case.

Here:

• biblioteka = the library
• naliczy = will charge
• opłatę = a fee

So biblioteka stays in its dictionary form because it is the thing doing the action.

Polish does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So Biblioteka naliczy opłatę could mean:

• The library will charge a fee
• The library will charge the fee

Which one sounds best in English depends on context. In most cases, a fee is the most natural translation if the sentence appears by itself.

Polish relies on context much more than English for this.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English because the case endings show what each noun is doing.

The neutral, standard order here is:

• Biblioteka naliczy opłatę.

But you could also say:

• Opłatę naliczy biblioteka.
• Naliczy opłatę biblioteka.

These alternatives are more marked and can change the emphasis:

• Biblioteka naliczy opłatę. = neutral
• Opłatę naliczy biblioteka. = emphasizes the fee
• Naliczy opłatę biblioteka. = can sound more contrastive or stylistic

For learners, the original subject–verb–object order is the safest choice.

Yes. Just like English library, Polish biblioteka can refer to:

• the physical place
• the institution
• the administration operating it

So in this sentence, Biblioteka naliczy opłatę naturally means that the library system or library administration will charge the fee.

Not exactly.

• Biblioteka naliczy opłatę. = The library will charge a fee as a completed act
• Biblioteka będzie naliczać opłatę. = The library will be charging a fee / will charge fees repeatedly or over a period of time

The first one sounds like a single assessed fee.
The second one sounds more ongoing, habitual, or process-focused.

So for one future fee being added, naliczy is the more natural choice.

A rough pronunciation is:

biblio-TEH-ka na-LEE-chih o-PWAH-ten

A few helpful points:

• Biblioteka stress is on -te-: biblioTEka
• naliczy has czy pronounced roughly like chy in English, but with a firmer Polish cz sound
• opłatę contains ł, which sounds like English w
• the final ę is a nasal vowel; in normal speech at the end of a word, it is often pronounced less strongly than learners expect

Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable:

• biblioTEka
• naLIczy
• oPŁAtę

Usually opłata means fee or charge.

If you specifically want fine in the sense of a penalty, Polish often uses:

• kara = penalty
• grzywna = fine, especially official/legal
• opłata karna = penalty fee / late fee

So Biblioteka naliczy opłatę most naturally means The library will charge a fee, though in context that fee might function as a late charge or penalty.

Word by word:

• Biblioteka = library
• naliczy = will charge / will assess / will add on
• opłatę = fee

So the structure is:

• subject
  • verb
    • direct object

A very literal gloss would be:

• Library will-charge fee

Natural English:

• The library will charge a fee.