Rzeczoznawca przygotował kosztorys.

A learner-friendly approximation is:

Rzeczoznawca → zhe-cho-ZNAV-tsa
przygotował → pshi-go-TOH-vaw
kosztorys → kosh-TO-ris

A few tricky sounds:

• rz usually sounds like zh as in measure
• cz sounds like ch as in chop
• w in Polish sounds like English v
• ł sounds like English w
• y is a short vowel that does not exist exactly in English; it is a bit like the vowel in roses or myth, depending on accent

The stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable:

• rze-czo-ZNAW-ca
• przy-go-TO-wał
• kosz-TO-rys

Rzeczoznawca means expert, appraiser, or assessor, depending on context.

It is not just any expert in a casual sense. Very often it refers to a person who gives a professional assessment, valuation, or official expert opinion, for example in:

• property
• construction
• insurance
• vehicles
• technical matters

So in many contexts, appraiser or surveyor/expert assessor may fit better than the general word expert.

Because this is the past tense masculine singular form.

In Polish past tense, the verb agrees with the subject in gender and number.

Here the subject is rzeczoznawca, which is grammatically masculine singular, so you get:

• przygotował = he prepared
• przygotowała = she prepared
• przygotowało = it prepared (neuter)
• przygotowali / przygotowały = they prepared

So this sentence specifically suggests a male appraiser/expert, unless gender is being used generically in a broader context.

Because Polish past tense does not use a separate auxiliary like English have or did in normal past statements.

English:

• The appraiser prepared the estimate
• The appraiser has prepared the estimate

Polish often simply uses the past tense verb:

• Rzeczoznawca przygotował kosztorys.

So przygotował by itself already carries the idea of prepared.

Przygotować is a perfective verb. That means it presents the action as completed.

So przygotował kosztorys means that the estimate was successfully prepared / finished.

Its imperfective partner is przygotowywać:

• Rzeczoznawca przygotowywał kosztorys. = The appraiser was preparing / used to prepare the estimate.

This is a very important contrast in Polish:

• przygotował → completed action
• przygotowywał → ongoing, repeated, or incomplete action

Because it is the direct object of the verb przygotować, and in this sentence it appears in the accusative singular.

However, for many masculine inanimate nouns in Polish, the accusative singular looks exactly the same as the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: kosztorys
• accusative: kosztorys

That is why the form does not change here.

Kosztorys means a cost estimate, estimate, or cost breakdown, depending on context.

It is often used in formal or professional situations such as:

• construction work
• renovation
• insurance claims
• repair work
• technical projects

So it is usually more specific than a casual word like price. It suggests a structured estimate of costs.

Because Polish has no articles.

English distinguishes:

• a cost estimate
• the cost estimate

Polish simply says:

• kosztorys

The exact meaning depends on context. So Rzeczoznawca przygotował kosztorys could mean:

• The appraiser prepared a cost estimate
• The appraiser prepared the cost estimate

Context tells you which is intended.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible, although Rzeczoznawca przygotował kosztorys is a very natural neutral order.

This order is basically:

• subject + verb + object

You could also hear:

• Kosztorys przygotował rzeczoznawca.
• Przygotował kosztorys rzeczoznawca.

These alternatives change the focus or emphasis, not the core meaning.

For example:

• Kosztorys przygotował rzeczoznawca may emphasize that it was the estimate that the appraiser prepared, or contrast who prepared it.
• The standard neutral sentence is still Rzeczoznawca przygotował kosztorys.

Yes, often it can.

Because przygotował already tells you the subject is:

• singular
• masculine
• in the past tense

So in context, Polish might simply say:

• Przygotował kosztorys.

That would mean:

• He prepared the estimate.

But if you want to specify who did it, you include rzeczoznawca.

Yes. This is a very common point of confusion.

Although many nouns ending in -a are feminine, rzeczoznawca is a masculine personal noun.

Other similar masculine nouns ending in -a include:

• mężczyzna = man
• kolega = male friend / colleague
• kierowca = driver

You can see that it is masculine because the verb is:

• rzeczoznawca przygotował
  not
• rzeczoznawca przygotowała

It is in the nominative case, because it is the subject of the sentence.

So the structure is:

• Rzeczoznawca — nominative subject
• przygotował — past tense verb, masculine singular
• kosztorys — accusative direct object

This is the basic sentence pattern learners see very often in Polish.

Sometimes yes, but it depends on context.

Possible translations of rzeczoznawca include:

• expert
• appraiser
• assessor
• surveyor in some contexts

Possible translations of kosztorys include:

• estimate
• cost estimate
• cost breakdown

So a good translation depends on the field:

• real estate
• construction
• insurance
• legal/technical assessment

If the context is technical or official, The appraiser prepared the cost estimate is often a safe choice.

You make it negative with nie:

• Rzeczoznawca nie przygotował kosztorysu.

Notice something important: under negation, the direct object often changes from accusative to genitive.

So:

• positive: przygotował kosztorys
• negative: nie przygotował kosztorysu

This is a very common Polish pattern and worth remembering early.

A simple yes/no question can be made just by intonation:

• Rzeczoznawca przygotował kosztorys?

You can also use czy:

• Czy rzeczoznawca przygotował kosztorys?

Both mean:

• Did the appraiser prepare the estimate?

Using czy makes the interrogative meaning especially clear.

The dictionary forms are:

• rzeczoznawca → already in dictionary form
• przygotował → dictionary form: przygotować
• kosztorys → already in dictionary form

So if you want to look them up, use:

• rzeczoznawca
• przygotować
• kosztorys

That is especially important for verbs, because past tense forms like przygotował are not usually the headword in dictionaries.