Capisco profondamente il problema.

I deeply understand the problem.

Breakdown of Capisco profondamente il problema.

• io: I
• il problema: the problem
• capire: to understand
• profondamente: deeply

Questions & Answers about Capisco profondamente il problema.

Why does the verb capisco include the infix -isc-, and how is capire conjugated in the present tense?

Capire (“to understand”) belongs to a subclass of Italian -ire verbs that insert -isc- in most singular forms and the third-person plural. The present-tense conjugation is:
• io capisco
• tu capisci
• lui/lei capisce
• noi capiamo
• voi capite
• loro capiscono
Remember that noi and voi drop the -isc-.

Why is there a definite article (il) before problema, and why is problema masculine even though it ends in -a?

In Italian you normally place a definite article before a singular, countable noun when it’s a direct object. So you say il problema rather than just problema. As for gender, problema is a Greek-derived noun ending in -ma, and all Italian nouns in -ma of Greek origin are masculine (e.g. il tema, il sistema).

Why is the adverb profondamente used instead of the adjective profondo, and how is this adverb formed?

You need an adverb to modify a verb, not an adjective. Italian adverbs ending in -mente are formed by taking the feminine singular form of the adjective (profonda) and adding -mente → profondamente (“deeply”).

Can I move the adverb profondamente to a different position in the sentence?

Yes. Italian adverbs are quite flexible. All of these are correct, though emphasis shifts slightly:
• Capisco profondamente il problema. (standard)
• Profondamente capisco il problema. (stronger “deeply” focus)
• Capisco il problema profondamente. (akin to “I understand the problem, and I do so deeply”)

What’s the nuance between profondamente, a fondo, and completamente when talking about understanding something?

• Profondamente stresses depth or intensity of understanding, often emotional or philosophical.
• A fondo literally means “to the bottom,” so it conveys a thorough, exhaustive grasp.
• Completamente simply means “completely,” focusing on total coverage rather than depth.
Example: Capisco a fondo il problema = I understand it thoroughly; Capisco completamente il problema = I understand it entirely; Capisco profondamente il problema = I feel its depth/intensity.

Can I replace il problema with a pronoun, and where does it go in the sentence?

Yes. The direct-object pronoun for il problema is lo. In finite tenses it precedes the verb:
• Lo capisco profondamente.
You could also write Capisco profondamente lo in poetic styles, but standard usage is verb-first.

Do I need to include the subject pronoun io at the start of the sentence?

No. Italian is a pro-drop language: the verb ending -o in capisco already signals “I.” You only add io for emphasis: Io capisco profondamente il problema (I, in particular, deeply understand the problem).

How would I say we deeply understand the problem or they deeply understand the problem?

Change the verb form to match the subject:
• We: Comprendiamo profondamente il problema or Cap-​sciamo → Cap​iamo profondamente il problema
• They: Capiscono profondamente il problema

How do you pronounce profondamente, and which syllable is stressed?

Break it into syllables: pro-fon-DA-men-te. The stress falls on the third syllable -da-: [pro-fonˈda-men-te]. The “o” in the first two syllables is close (as in “open”), and each vowel is clearly articulated.