Ég skoða veðurspána á morgnana.

Here skoða is the present tense, 1st person singular form: ég skoða = I look at / I check.

It looks like the dictionary form because the infinitive is að skoða, and in many Icelandic verbs the 1st person singular present is identical to the bare infinitive form. The að is what marks the infinitive.

So:

• að skoða = to look at / to examine
• ég skoða = I look at / I examine

In this sentence, because it comes after the subject Ég, it is clearly the finite verb, not an infinitive.

Icelandic usually does not use a separate word for the the way English does. Instead, the definite article is normally attached to the end of the noun.

So:

• veðurspá = weather forecast
• veðurspána = the weather forecast

This attached -na is part of the definite form here.

Because veðurspána is the accusative singular definite form, and that is the form needed here because it is the direct object of skoða.

The verb skoða takes an object in the accusative.

So:

• veðurspáin = the weather forecast as a subject form (nominative)
• veðurspána = the weather forecast as an object form (accusative)

In this sentence, I am doing the action, and the weather forecast is what I am looking at, so the accusative is required.

Yes. Icelandic uses compound nouns very freely, and they are usually written as one word.

Here:

• veður = weather
• spá = forecast / prediction

Together:

• veðurspá = weather forecast

Then the definite ending is added to the whole compound:

• veðurspá → veðurspána

This is very normal in Icelandic.

Á morgnana is a very common Icelandic time expression meaning in the mornings or on mornings generally.

This is best learned as a set phrase. Icelandic often uses á in expressions of repeated time:

• á kvöldin = in the evenings
• á næturnar = at night / during the nights
• á morgnana = in the mornings

So even if it feels a little different from English, it is a standard idiomatic way to talk about something that happens regularly in the morning.

Because the sentence is talking about a habit or something repeated over many mornings, not one single morning.

So á morgnana means:

• in the mornings
• on mornings in general

This is very similar to English, where we also often use the plural for repeated time periods.

It is also useful not to confuse:

• á morgnana = in the mornings
• á morgun = tomorrow

Those two expressions look similar but mean different things.

Here morgnana is accusative plural definite.

In this expression, á is followed by the accusative. Time expressions with prepositions can be idiomatic in Icelandic, so this is one of those patterns that is often easiest to memorize as a whole phrase:

• á morgnana

You do not need to analyze it every time once the expression becomes familiar.

Normally, no. Icelandic usually keeps the subject pronoun, unlike some languages where subject pronouns are often dropped.

So Ég skoða veðurspána á morgnana is the normal full sentence.

You would usually not just say Skoða veðurspána á morgnana unless the context is very special, informal, or fragmentary.

Yes. You can say:

Á morgnana skoða ég veðurspána.

That is perfectly natural.

This shows an important Icelandic rule: the finite verb usually stays in second position. So when you move the time phrase to the front, the verb skoða still comes second, and the subject ég comes after it.

Compare:

• Ég skoða veðurspána á morgnana.
• Á morgnana skoða ég veðurspána.

Both are correct; the second one puts a bit more focus on in the mornings.