प्याज़ मेज़ पर है।

Hindi usually puts the main verb at the end of the sentence.

So this sentence is:

• प्याज़ = subject
• मेज़ पर = location phrase
• है = is

A very literal word-for-word order would be Onion table on is, but that is normal in Hindi. The natural pattern here is subject + place + verb.

पर means on here.

So:

• मेज़ = table
• मेज़ पर = on the table

Depending on context, पर can also mean things like at or upon, but in this sentence on is the natural meaning.

Because Hindi uses postpositions, not prepositions.

In English, words like on, in, and under come before the noun:

• on the table

In Hindi, the equivalent words usually come after the noun:

• मेज़ पर = table on

That is one of the most important structural differences between English and Hindi.

A noun before a postposition normally goes into the oblique case in Hindi.

However, some nouns show that change clearly, and some do not.

मेज़ looks the same in both forms, so you do not see a visible change here.

For comparison:

• कमरा = room
• कमरे में = in the room

Here, कमरा changes to कमरे before the postposition में.

So in मेज़ पर, the grammar is still working the same way; the noun just happens not to change visibly.

है is the singular present-tense form of होना, meaning to be.

In this sentence, it means is.

It comes at the end because Hindi normally places the verb last.

So:

• प्याज़ मेज़ पर है = The onion is on the table.

If the subject were plural, Hindi would usually use हैं instead:

• दो किताबें मेज़ पर हैं। = Two books are on the table.

Hindi usually does not use articles the way English does.

So a sentence like प्याज़ मेज़ पर है can mean:

• The onion is on the table
• An onion is on the table

Context tells you which meaning is intended.

This is very normal in Hindi, so you should not expect a separate word for the or a/an in most everyday sentences.

Yes. Both प्याज़ and मेज़ are generally treated as feminine nouns in standard Hindi.

However, this sentence does not make that very obvious, because है is used for both masculine and feminine singular subjects.

You notice gender more clearly with adjectives or participles, for example:

• बड़ी मेज़ = big table
• कटी हुई प्याज़ = cut onion

So gender matters in Hindi, but this particular sentence does not show much of it on the surface.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

• प्याज़ ≈ pyaaz
• मेज़ ≈ mez

A few helpful notes:

• प्य sounds like py
• आ gives a long aa sound
• ज़ is a z sound

So प्याज़ is roughly pyaaz, and मेज़ is roughly mez.

Also, many speakers do not strongly distinguish ज़ from ज, so you may hear pronunciations closer to pyaaj and mej as well.

That symbol is called the danda.

It is the traditional Hindi punctuation mark used like an English period/full stop.

So:

• प्याज़ मेज़ पर है।

means exactly what a sentence ending in . would mean in English.

In modern typing, you may also sometimes see a regular period used instead.

Yes, you can, but the nuance is slightly different.

• मेज़ पर = on the table
• मेज़ के ऊपर = above/on top of the table

In many situations, both can work. But पर is the most basic and natural choice for simply saying that something is resting on the table.

So for this sentence, प्याज़ मेज़ पर है is the most straightforward version.

In standard Hindi, you should keep है here.

So the full sentence is:

• प्याज़ मेज़ पर है।

In very casual speech, poetry, headlines, or notes, Hindi sometimes drops forms of to be, but learners should not do that at first.

If you want to speak and write normal, correct Hindi, use है in this sentence.