मकान मालिक ने ऋण लिया है।

मकान मालिक is a compound expression:

• मकान = house/building
• मालिक = owner

So literally it means house owner, and in many contexts it is naturally translated as landlord.

Hindi often puts nouns together like this without needing a word like of. So instead of saying owner of the house, Hindi commonly says house owner.

Grammatically, मालिक is the masculine form, so मकान मालिक normally refers to a male owner/landlord.

If you want to refer clearly to a female landlord, Hindi often uses:

• मकान मालकिन

That said, in real-life usage, some speakers may still use मकान मालिक more generally, but the traditional grammatical distinction is:

• मालिक = male owner
• मालकिन = female owner

ने is an ergative marker. In Hindi, it is commonly used with the subject of a transitive verb in the perfective.

Here:

• लेना = to take
• It is a transitive verb, because something is being taken: ऋण
• लिया is a perfective form: taken

So Hindi marks the doer with ने:

• मकान मालिक ने = the landlord (as the one who did the action)

A useful comparison:

• मकान मालिक ऋण लेता है। = The landlord takes a loan / takes loans.
  No ने here, because this is habitual, not perfective.
• मकान मालिक ने ऋण लिया है। = The landlord has taken a loan.
  ने appears because this is perfective.

In this sentence, लिया agrees with ऋण, not with मकान मालिक.

That happens because:

• the subject has ने
• the direct object ऋण is unmarked
• in this kind of sentence, the verb usually agrees with the direct object

Now look at ऋण:

• ऋण is masculine
• singular

So the verb becomes लिया (masculine singular).

Compare:

• मकान मालिक ने ऋण लिया है।
  ऋण is masculine singular, so लिया
• मकान मालिक ने रकम ली है।
  रकम is feminine singular, so ली
• मकान मालिक ने किताबें ली हैं।
  किताबें is feminine plural, so ली हैं

लिया है is the present perfect type of form in Hindi.

• लिया = taken
• है = auxiliary verb

Together, लिया है means has taken.

So the sentence means something like:

• The landlord has taken a loan
• or The landlord has borrowed a loan / taken out a loan depending on context

The idea is that the action is completed, but it is still relevant now.

ऋण is correct, but it sounds a bit more formal, bookish, or official.

In everyday Hindi, many speakers would more naturally say:

• कर्ज़

So you may hear:

• मकान मालिक ने कर्ज़ लिया है।

That is often more common in speech.

Very roughly:

• ऋण = formal loan/debt
• कर्ज़ = more common everyday loan/debt

In modern Hindi, ऋण is usually pronounced approximately like rin or riṇ.

A few pronunciation notes:

• ऋ in modern Hindi is often said somewhat like ri
• ण is a retroflex n sound, made with the tongue curled slightly back

So for a learner, rin is a reasonable approximation.

Also, in everyday speech, because ऋण is a formal word, many learners hear कर्ज़ much more often than ऋण.

Hindi usually prefers Subject + Object + Verb order.

So here:

• मकान मालिक ने = subject
• ऋण = object
• लिया है = verb

That makes the sentence feel natural and standard.

English usually says:

• The landlord has taken a loan
  Subject + Verb + Object

Hindi usually says:

• The landlord a loan has taken
  Subject + Object + Verb

The word order can sometimes be changed for emphasis, but the version you have is the normal neutral order.