काम शुरू होने से पहले हमने हिंदी में सवाल लिखे, और काम खत्म होने के बाद हमने जवाब पढ़े।

Because ने is the marker Hindi usually uses with a completed transitive action in standard Hindi. Here, both लिखे (wrote) and पढ़े (read) are completed actions, so the subject appears as हमने.

Compare:

• हम सवाल लिखते हैं = We write questions
• हमने सवाल लिखे = We wrote questions

So हमने is not a different pronoun; it is हम + ने.

Because when ने is used, the verb often agrees with the direct object, not with the subject.

Here:

• सवाल = questions
• जवाब = answers

Both are masculine plural direct objects with no extra postposition, so the verbs become लिखे and पढ़े.

A useful pattern:

• हमने सवाल लिखा = We wrote one question
• हमने सवाल लिखे = We wrote questions

If the object had a postposition such as को, the verb would usually not agree with it and would often default to masculine singular.

They are plural here, even though their form does not change.

That is common with many masculine nouns ending in a consonant in Hindi. Their direct singular and direct plural often look identical.

So:

• एक सवाल = one question
• दो सवाल = two questions

You can tell the number from context, from number words, or from verb agreement. In this sentence, लिखे and पढ़े help show that सवाल and जवाब are plural.

Their oblique plural forms do change:

• सवालों
• जवाबों

होने is the oblique infinitive form of होना (to be / to happen / to become).

Hindi uses this -ने form before postpositions such as से and के.

So:

• होना = the basic infinitive
• होने = the form used before a postposition

That is why you get:

• शुरू होने से पहले = before starting / before it started
• खत्म होने के बाद = after ending / after it ended

A very literal sense is something like before the happening of the start, but in natural English you translate it more smoothly.

Because होना and करना express two different ideas.

• काम शुरू होना = the work starts / the work begins
• काम शुरू करना = to start the work
• काम खत्म होना = the work ends / gets finished
• काम खत्म करना = to finish the work

In this sentence, the time reference is tied to the work beginning and the work ending, so होना is used.

If you said:

• काम शुरू करने से पहले

that would mean before starting the work, with more focus on the doer.

Also, words like शुरू and खत्म often combine with होना or करना rather than acting like simple standalone verbs.

That is just the normal idiomatic pattern in Hindi.

You usually learn them as fixed combinations:

• X से पहले = before X
• X के बाद = after X

Examples:

• खाने से पहले = before eating
• खाने के बाद = after eating

So in your sentence:

• काम शुरू होने से पहले = before the work started
• काम खत्म होने के बाद = after the work ended

It is best to memorize these as set expressions rather than trying to force the same postposition in both.

Because में is the normal way to say in a language or medium.

So:

• हिंदी में = in Hindi
• अंग्रेज़ी में = in English
• उर्दू में = in Urdu

Here it means the questions were written using Hindi, not that they were written about Hindi.

Compare:

• हिंदी में सवाल लिखे = wrote questions in Hindi
• हिंदी पर सवाल लिखे = wrote questions about Hindi

Hindi is generally Subject–Object–Verb, and time expressions often come near the beginning.

So the first clause is roughly:

• काम शुरू होने से पहले = before the work started
• हमने = we
• हिंदी में = in Hindi
• सवाल = questions
• लिखे = wrote

A very literal English order would be:

Before the work started, we in Hindi questions wrote.

That sounds unnatural in English, but it is a normal structure in Hindi.

Hindi word order is somewhat flexible, but putting the verb at or near the end is very common.

Yes, very often it could be.

Since the subject is the same in both clauses, Hindi can leave it out if it is already clear:

• काम शुरू होने से पहले हमने हिंदी में सवाल लिखे, और काम खत्म होने के बाद जवाब पढ़े।

That still works.

The sentence repeats हमने for clarity and balance:

• ... हमने सवाल लिखे, ... हमने जवाब पढ़े।

This kind of repetition is common in teaching material and also sounds natural when the speaker wants the two actions to feel clearly parallel.

Because Hindi does not have articles that work like English the and a/an.

So Hindi can simply say:

• काम = work / the work
• सवाल = question(s) / the question(s)
• जवाब = answer(s) / the answer(s)

Context tells you how definite or indefinite the noun is.

That is why the sentence does not need separate words for the or the answers. The listener understands that from the situation.

Yes. और is the normal coordinating word for and.

It joins the two clauses:

• हमने हिंदी में सवाल लिखे
• हमने जवाब पढ़े

So the whole sentence is simply linking one completed action with another.

In speech, और can sometimes sound lighter or quicker, but in this sentence it is just the standard and.