חברת החשמל דחתה את מועד התשלום.

Because חברת is the construct form of חברה, which means company.

In Hebrew, when two nouns are linked as X of Y, the first noun often changes form. Here:

• חברה = a company
• חברת = company of ...

So חברת החשמל literally means the company of the electricity, which is the normal Hebrew way to say the electric company or the electricity company.

This change from -ה to -ת is very common with feminine nouns in construct.

Because in a Hebrew construct chain, the definiteness usually appears only on the last noun.

So:

• חברת חשמל = an electricity company
• חברת החשמל = the electricity company

Even though חברת itself does not have ה, the whole phrase becomes definite because החשמל is definite.

The same thing happens later in the sentence with מועד התשלום.

It can be both grammatically, but in Israeli usage חברת החשמל is very often understood as the official electric company, basically the Israel Electric Corporation.

So in this sentence, it may function almost like a proper name, even though its structure is still ordinary Hebrew grammar.

Because the subject, חברת החשמל, is grammatically feminine singular.

The head noun is חברה, and חברה is feminine. In the past tense, Hebrew verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

So:

• דחה = he postponed / rejected
• דחתה = she / it postponed / rejected

Since company is feminine in Hebrew, the sentence uses דחתה.

את marks a definite direct object.

It does not have a separate English translation in this sentence. It simply tells you that the next phrase is the specific thing being acted on.

Here:

• דחתה = postponed
• את מועד התשלום = the payment date / the payment deadline

Hebrew uses את before a direct object when that object is definite.

For the same reason as חברת החשמל: it is another construct chain.

• מועד = date / time / appointed time / deadline
• התשלום = the payment

So:

• מועד תשלום = a payment date / a payment deadline
• מועד התשלום = the payment date / the payment deadline

Because the second noun has ה, the whole phrase is definite.

It can mean either, depending on context.

The verb לדחות can mean:

• to postpone / defer
• to reject / turn down

In this sentence, because the object is מועד התשלום, the meaning is clearly postponed or deferred. You postpone a date or deadline; you do not usually reject one.

מועד usually means an appointed time, scheduled date, or deadline.

That makes it a very natural word here.

Comparison:

• מועד = scheduled time / deadline / due date
• זמן = time in a broad, general sense
• תאריך = calendar date

So מועד התשלום is better understood as the payment date or the payment deadline, not just the time of payment in a vague sense.

Yes. This is a very normal subject–verb–object sentence in Modern Hebrew:

• חברת החשמל = subject
• דחתה = verb
• את מועד התשלום = object

Hebrew can sometimes use different word orders for emphasis, but this one is straightforward and very common.

A simple transliteration is:

Chevrat ha-chashmal dakhta et mo'ed ha-tashlum.

A few helpful notes:

• ח is a throaty sound, not an English h
• חברת sounds like khev-RAT or khev-RAT
• החשמל sounds like ha-khash-MAL
• דחתה sounds like daKH-ta
• מועד sounds like mo-ED
• התשלום sounds like ha-tash-LUM

In Israeli Hebrew, the stress is usually near the end in these words.