Η κούραση προκαλεί αδυναμία.

In Greek, abstract nouns are often used with the definite article much more often than in English.

So Greek says:

• η κούραση = fatigue / the fatigue

Even when English would just say fatigue with no article, Greek often prefers the article. This is very normal.

Here, η is the feminine singular nominative article, because κούραση is the subject of the sentence.

You can tell from the article η, which is the feminine singular nominative form of the.

So:

• η κούραση = feminine singular

Also, many Greek nouns ending in -η are feminine, though you should not rely only on the ending in every case. The article is often your clearest clue.

προκαλεί is the verb form meaning causes.

It is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• active voice

So it matches the singular subject η κούραση:

• η κούραση προκαλεί = fatigue causes

The dictionary form is προκαλώ = to cause.

This is part of the conjugation of the verb προκαλώ.

A simplified pattern is:

• εγώ προκαλώ = I cause
• εσύ προκαλείς = you cause
• αυτό/αυτή/αυτό προκαλεί = he/she/it causes

So -εί here marks the he/she/it form.

Also, the accent matters: προκαλεί is stressed on the last syllable.

Because Greek, like English, does not always need an article with a noun.

Here αδυναμία is being used in a general sense:

• causes weakness

That sounds natural without an article.

If you added an article, the meaning would become more specific, for example:

• προκαλεί την αδυναμία = causes the weakness

That would usually refer to a particular weakness already known from context.

It is the direct object of the verb, so it is in the accusative case.

So in the sentence:

• Η κούραση = subject → nominative
• προκαλεί
• αδυναμία = object → accusative

A useful thing to notice is that some feminine nouns can look the same in nominative and accusative singular. That is what happens here:

• nominative singular: η αδυναμία
• accusative singular: την αδυναμία

Without the article, the noun form itself looks the same.

Because many feminine nouns in -ία have the same noun form in both nominative and accusative singular.

For example:

• η αδυναμία = nominative
• την αδυναμία = accusative

The article changes, but the noun itself stays the same.

So learners often have to rely on:

• the article
• the verb
• the sentence structure

to tell what role the noun is playing.

Not completely. Greek word order is more flexible than English word order.

The neutral, most straightforward order here is:

• Η κούραση προκαλεί αδυναμία.

This is subject + verb + object, and it is the most natural default order.

You may sometimes see a different order for emphasis, but for a learner, this standard order is the best one to use first.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

• η = ee
• κούραση = KOO-ra-see
• προκαλεί = pro-ka-LEE
• αδυναμία = a-thi-na-MEE-a

A few key points:

• η and ει are both pronounced like ee
• δ in Modern Greek sounds like the th in this
• the accent mark shows which syllable is stressed

So the stressed syllables are:

• κούραση → κού
• προκαλεί → λεί
• αδυναμία → μί

In Modern Greek, accent marks show which syllable is stressed.

For this sentence:

• κούραση → stress on κού
• προκαλεί → stress on λεί
• αδυναμία → stress on μί

These marks are very important because stress is a normal part of spelling in Greek. You should learn words together with their accent.

Yes. Depending on context, αδυναμία can mean:

• weakness
• inability
• failing
• even soft spot / fondness in some expressions

But in this sentence, the natural meaning is weakness, especially in a physical or general condition sense.

Yes, very often.

Greek commonly uses the definite article with:

• abstract nouns
• general nouns
• names in some contexts
• nouns that English might leave without any article

So a native English speaker may feel that Greek is adding the article too often, but in fact it is just following normal Greek usage.

That is exactly what you see in:

• Η κούραση...

where English would often just say Fatigue...

Grammatically, yes, that is close to the Greek structure:

• Η = the
• κούραση = fatigue
• προκαλεί = causes
• αδυναμία = weakness

But in natural English, people would often simply say:

• Fatigue causes weakness.

So the Greek article is real and important in Greek grammar, even if it is not always translated directly into natural English.