Η απάτη προκαλεί απώλεια χρημάτων.

the money

Breakdown of Η απάτη προκαλεί απώλεια χρημάτων.

• προκαλώ: to cause; provoke
• η απώλεια: the loss
• η απάτη: fraud; scam

Questions & Answers about Η απάτη προκαλεί απώλεια χρημάτων.

Why is there Η before απάτη when English just says fraud?

Greek often uses the definite article with general ideas, abstract nouns, and whole categories.

So Η απάτη here means fraud in general, not necessarily the fraud in a very specific situation.

That is why Greek says Η απάτη προκαλεί..., while English naturally says just Fraud causes... without an article.

What case is απάτη, and how do I know it is the subject?

απάτη is feminine singular nominative.

You can tell it is the subject because:

• it comes with the nominative article η
• the verb is in 3rd person singular, matching a singular subject
• semantically, fraud is the thing doing the causing

So the structure is:

• Η απάτη = the subject
• προκαλεί = the verb
• απώλεια χρημάτων = the object/result

Why is the verb προκαλεί and not προκαλώ?