Η μαθησιακή δυσκολία επηρεάζει την επίλυση προβλημάτων.

Η is the feminine singular definite article, meaning the.

It is used here because μαθησιακή δυσκολία is a feminine singular noun phrase:

• η μαθησιακή δυσκολία = the learning difficulty

In Greek, articles must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Because the two noun phrases are in different cases.

• η μαθησιακή δυσκολία is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative case.
• την επίλυση προβλημάτων is the object of the verb επηρεάζει, so επίλυση is in the accusative case.

That is why the article changes:

• η = nominative feminine singular
• την = accusative feminine singular

So:

• Η μαθησιακή δυσκολία = the learning difficulty
• την επίλυση = the solving / the resolution

Μαθησιακή is an adjective. It describes δυσκολία.

• μαθησιακή = learning-related
• δυσκολία = difficulty

Together:

• μαθησιακή δυσκολία = learning difficulty

The adjective agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case, so it is also feminine singular nominative here.

Επηρεάζει is the verb. It means affects.

It is:

• present tense
• third person singular
• from the verb επηρεάζω = to affect

So:

• επηρεάζω = I affect / to affect
• επηρεάζει = he/she/it affects

Here the subject is η μαθησιακή δυσκολία, so Greek uses the third person singular form.

Because προβλημάτων depends on the noun επίλυση.

Επίλυση is a noun meaning solving, resolution, or solution. In Greek, when one noun is connected to another like this, the second noun is often put in the genitive.

So:

• η επίλυση προβλημάτων literally means the solving of problems
• more naturally in English: problem solving or the solving of problems

That is why Greek uses:

• προβλημάτων = of problems
  not
• προβλήματα = problems as a direct object

This is a very common Greek structure.

Προβλημάτων is genitive plural.

Its base noun is:

• το πρόβλημα = the problem

Forms:

• το πρόβλημα = nominative/accusative singular
• του προβλήματος = genitive singular
• τα προβλήματα = nominative/accusative plural
• των προβλημάτων = genitive plural

Here it is genitive plural because it means:

• of problems

So:

• η επίλυση προβλημάτων = the solving of problems

No. Επίλυση is a noun, not a verb.

It comes from the idea of solving/resolution, but grammatically it behaves as a noun:

• η επίλυση = the solving / the resolution

This is similar to English nouns like:

• solution
• resolution
• solving

So the structure is not solves problems, but rather the solving of problems.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English because case endings and articles show the grammatical role of each word.

The most neutral order here is:

• Η μαθησιακή δυσκολία επηρεάζει την επίλυση προβλημάτων.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Την επίλυση προβλημάτων επηρεάζει η μαθησιακή δυσκολία.

This still means the same thing, but the emphasis shifts more toward problem solving.

English usually needs a more fixed word order, but Greek can move things around more easily.

Because Greek often expresses of through the genitive case instead of using a separate word.

In English:

• solving of problems
• resolution of problems

In Greek:

• επίλυση προβλημάτων

The ending -μάτων helps show the genitive plural relationship, so no separate word like of is needed.

A rough pronunciation is:

ee math-ee-see-a-KEE this-ko-LEE-a eh-pee-ray-AH-zee teen EE-lee-see pro-vlee-MA-ton

A few helpful notes:

• Η sounds like ee
• θ sounds like th in think
• δ sounds like th in this
• χ would sound like a harsher sound, but it does not appear here
• αι in επηρεάζει sounds like eh
• stress matters in Greek:
  • μαθησιακή
  • δυσκολία
  • επηρεάζει
  • επίλυση
  • προβλημάτων

Yes. Depending on context, μαθησιακή δυσκολία can mean:

• learning difficulty
• sometimes learning disability, though that can depend on the context and the exact term used

Greek learners should be aware that this phrase can be broad. In educational or psychological contexts, the exact English translation may vary depending on how formal or technical the text is.

In a normal, complete sentence like this, yes, the definite articles sound natural and expected:

• Η μαθησιακή δυσκολία
• την επίλυση προβλημάτων

Greek uses articles much more often than English does. Leaving them out would usually sound unnatural unless you were using a very special style, heading, or note-like expression.

So for standard Greek, the sentence is correctly written with both articles.

The sentence is:

• Subject: Η μαθησιακή δυσκολία
• Verb: επηρεάζει
• Object: την επίλυση προβλημάτων

So the pattern is:

• [The learning difficulty] [affects] [the solving of problems]

This is a very common Greek sentence pattern, even though the object contains an internal genitive phrase:

• την επίλυση = the solving
• προβλημάτων = of problems

So the object as a whole is την επίλυση προβλημάτων.