Die Technologie verändert die Arbeit.

Because both nouns take the definite article die:

• die Technologie = the subject
• die Arbeit = the object

Both Technologie and Arbeit are feminine singular nouns, and in German the feminine definite article is:

• die in the nominative
• die in the accusative

So even though the two die forms have different jobs, they look the same.

In this sentence, word order tells you:

• Die Technologie comes before the verb, so it is understood as the subject
• die Arbeit comes after the verb, so it is the object

So:

• Die Technologie verändert die Arbeit. = technology changes work
• Die Arbeit verändert die Technologie. = work changes technology

Because both noun phrases are feminine and use die, the articles alone do not show the difference here. Native speakers rely on normal word order and context.

German nouns have grammatical gender, and Technologie happens to be feminine: die Technologie.

This is not about real-world gender. It is just a property of the noun that you have to learn with the word.

A useful pattern: many German nouns ending in -ie are feminine, such as:

• die Technologie
• die Biologie
• die Industrie

So the ending gives you a helpful clue.

Because the verb is in the present tense, and the subject is third-person singular: die Technologie.

The infinitive is verändern.

Present-tense forms:

• ich verändere
• du veränderst
• er/sie/es verändert
• wir verändern
• ihr verändert
• sie/Sie verändern

Since die Technologie is like sie = she/it, you use verändert.

No. The ä is already part of the verb itself:

• infinitive: verändern
• conjugated form: verändert

So the stem is already veränder-. You are not changing a to ä here during conjugation.

Yes. The German present tense often covers both:

• Technology changes work
• Technology is changing work

German usually does not need a separate progressive form like English is changing. Context tells you which English version sounds best.

Because all German nouns are capitalized.

So:

• die Technologie
• die Arbeit

This is one of the most noticeable spelling rules in German.

Usually Arbeit means work in a broad sense: labor, work activity, the world of work, or someone’s work in general.

In this sentence, die Arbeit is best understood as work rather than one specific job.

Depending on context, Arbeit can also mean:

• work in general
• a task
• a piece of work
• employment/work life

But here the broad meaning fits best.

Both can mean to change, but they are not always used in exactly the same way.

• ändern often means to change/modify/adjust
• verändern often suggests to alter or transform, sometimes more noticeably or more broadly

In this sentence, verändert sounds natural because technology is not just making a tiny adjustment to work; it is affecting or reshaping it.

A rough English-style guide:

• Technologie ≈ tekh-no-lo-GEE
• verändert ≈ fer-EN-dert

A few details:

• The ch in Technologie is not like English ch in chair. It is a German sound, closer to a soft throat/fricative sound.
• The ä in verändert sounds roughly like the e in bed.
• The stress in verändert is on the middle part: ver-ÄN-dert.

These are only approximations, but they are a good start.