Prisoverslaget ligger på bordet.

Because Danish, like English, often makes compound nouns, but Danish usually writes them as one single word.

So:

• pris = price
• overslag = estimate

Together, prisoverslag means price estimate or quotation/quote depending on context.

Then -et is added to make it definite, so prisoverslaget = the price estimate.

It is the definite article attached to the noun.

In Danish, the is often not a separate word. Instead, it is added to the end of the noun.

For this noun:

• et prisoverslag = a price estimate
• prisoverslaget = the price estimate

So -et here corresponds to English the.

Because prisoverslag is a neuter noun in Danish, so it takes the neuter forms:

• et prisoverslag = a price estimate
• prisoverslaget = the price estimate

In Danish:

• common gender nouns often take -en
• neuter nouns often take -et

For example:

• en bil → bilen
• et bord → bordet

Since prisoverslag is neuter, -et is correct.

Danish often prefers a position verb where English might simply use to be.

Here, ligger literally means lies/is lying. It is commonly used for something that is located somewhere, especially if it is thought of as lying flat.

So:

• Prisoverslaget ligger på bordet = the price estimate is lying on the table / is on the table

This is more natural in Danish than just using er.

Very roughly:

• ligge = lie, be lying
• stå = stand, be standing
• sidde = sit, be sitting

Danish uses these a lot for location.

Yes, people would understand it, and it is not grammatically wrong. But ligger på bordet sounds more natural if you are talking about where a physical object is.

Compare:

• Det er på bordet = It is on the table
• Det ligger på bordet = It is lying on the table

The second version is often the more idiomatic Danish choice for papers, books, clothes, and similar objects.

For the same reason as prisoverslaget: Danish usually adds the definite article to the noun.

So:

• et bord = a table
• bordet = the table

That means på bordet = on the table.

There is no separate word for the here; it is built into bordet.

På usually means on in this kind of sentence.

So:

• på bordet = on the table

It is the normal preposition when something is resting on a surface.

Examples:

• Bogen ligger på stolen = The book is on the chair
• Nøglerne ligger på køkkenbordet = The keys are on the kitchen table

The word order is:

• Prisoverslaget = subject
• ligger = verb
• på bordet = prepositional phrase showing location

So the structure is:

subject + verb + place

That is the normal word order for a simple main clause in Danish.

No. Ligge is the infinitive.

Here are the relevant forms:

• at ligge = to lie
• ligger = lies / is lying

In the sentence, ligger is the present tense form, because the sentence describes the current location of the estimate.

A rough learner-friendly guide is:

• ligger ≈ LIG-er

A few important points:

• The g is not pronounced like a hard English g in go
• The second syllable is weak and reduced
• The r at the end is a Danish r, not a strong English one

If you are just starting, aiming for something like LIG-er is a reasonable first approximation.

A rough approximation is:

pree-soh-ver-slah-yeth

But this is only approximate. A few things matter:

• pris sounds roughly like prees
• overslag has stress on the first syllable: O-ver-slag
• the ending -et is often pronounced quite lightly

As a learner, it helps to think of the word in parts:

pris + overslag + et

That makes it easier to hear and say.

Usually it means price estimate or cost estimate, and in some contexts it can also be close to quote or quotation.

So it is specifically about an estimate of price/cost, not just any kind of estimate.

That is why the pris- part is important:

• pris = price

It would be:

Et prisoverslag ligger på et bord.

That means A price estimate is lying on a table.

Compare:

• prisoverslaget = the price estimate
• et prisoverslag = a price estimate
• bordet = the table
• et bord = a table

In real life, the definite version often sounds more natural, because speakers usually have a specific estimate and a specific table in mind.

A useful set of forms is:

• et prisoverslag = a price estimate
• prisoverslaget = the price estimate
• prisoverslag = price estimates
• prisoverslagene = the price estimates

So the indefinite plural is the same in form as the singular, and the definite plural ends in -ene.

Yes, two very Danish-feeling things stand out:

1. The definite article is attached to the noun

   • prisoverslaget
   • bordet

2. A position verb is used

   • ligger instead of just is

Those two features are very common in everyday Danish, so this sentence is a good example of natural usage.