Deltageren vælger diskussionsspørgsmålet.

Because -en is the usual definite singular ending for many common-gender nouns in Danish.

• deltager = participant
• deltageren = the participant

Unlike English, Danish often puts the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word.

For the same basic reason: it is also in the definite singular form, meaning the discussion question.

Breakdown:

• diskussionsspørgsmål = discussion question
• diskussionsspørgsmålet = the discussion question

Here the definite ending is -et, which is common with neuter nouns.

So:

• -en often marks definite singular for common-gender nouns
• -et often marks definite singular for neuter nouns

You usually have to learn the gender of each noun as part of the vocabulary.

A good clue is the indefinite article:

• en deltager = a participant → common gender
• et diskussionsspørgsmål = a discussion question → neuter

That is why the definite forms become:

• deltageren
• diskussionsspørgsmålet

So it helps to memorize nouns together with en or et, not by themselves.

Because Danish usually expresses the by adding an ending to the noun.

So instead of a separate word before the noun, Danish often uses:

• deltageren = the participant
• diskussionsspørgsmålet = the discussion question

This is one of the biggest differences from English noun structure.

vælger is the present tense form of vælge, which means to choose.

So:

• vælge = to choose
• vælger = chooses / is choosing

In Danish, the present tense can often translate into English in more than one way depending on context.

Danish is a V2 language, which means the finite verb normally comes in the second position in main clauses.

In this sentence:

• Deltageren = first element
• vælger = second element
• diskussionsspørgsmålet = rest of the clause

That is the normal word order for a simple statement.

Yes, it can. Danish present tense often covers both:

• chooses
• is choosing

Without more context, Deltageren vælger diskussionsspørgsmålet could be understood either as a general present or as an action happening now.

Yes. Danish very often forms compound nouns by joining words together.

Here:

• diskussion = discussion
• spørgsmål = question
• diskussionsspørgsmål = discussion question

Then the definite ending is added:

• diskussionsspørgsmålet = the discussion question

This is very common in Danish, so learners should get used to long nouns made from smaller parts.

That s is a linking element often used in Danish compounds. It does not always have a separate meaning by itself, but it helps connect the parts of the compound.

So:

• diskussion
• spørgsmål
• combined: diskussionsspørgsmål

You cannot always predict perfectly when this linking s appears, so it is often best to learn the compound as a whole.

A rough guide for English speakers is:

• væl- sounds somewhat like vel but with a more open vowel, not exactly like any single English sound
• -ger is softer than an English g in many contexts

A very rough approximation might be VEL-yer or VEL-er, but that is only approximate.

The most important thing to notice is that æ is a common Danish vowel and does not sound like English a in say.

The likely plural forms are:

• deltager = participant
• deltagere = participants
• deltagerne = the participants

And:

• diskussionsspørgsmål = discussion question / discussion questions
• diskussionsspørgsmålene = the discussion questions

A useful point: some neuter nouns like spørgsmål often have the same form in singular and plural when indefinite.

Yes. If the participant is already known from context, you could use a pronoun such as han or hun if appropriate.

For example:

• Han vælger diskussionsspørgsmålet.
• Hun vælger diskussionsspørgsmålet.

That would mean He chooses the discussion question or She chooses the discussion question.

Yes. It is grammatically natural and straightforward.

It is a simple main clause with:

• a definite subject: deltageren
• a present-tense verb: vælger
• a definite object: diskussionsspørgsmålet

So it works well as a standard example of Danish sentence structure.