Flugtretningen er mod gården.

Because Danish very often makes compound nouns by joining smaller nouns together.

• flugt = escape / evacuation / flight
• retning = direction

So flugtretning literally means escape direction or direction of escape.

Then -en is added at the end to make it definite:

• en flugtretning = an escape direction
• flugtretningen = the escape direction

This is very common in Danish, and compounds are normally written as one word, not several.

It is the definite article attached to the noun.

In English, we usually put the before the noun:

• the escape direction

In Danish, the definite article is often added to the end:

• flugtretningen = the escape direction

Here the base noun is retning, which is a common gender noun, so the definite ending is -en.

Because flugtretning is a compound noun, the ending goes on the whole compound, not on the first part.

Because after mod in this sentence, Danish is referring to the yard/courtyard, not just a yard/courtyard.

• gård = yard / courtyard
• gården = the yard / the courtyard

So:

• mod gård would not sound right here
• mod gården = toward the yard

This is similar to English using the when talking about a specific place.

Yes. It is the same basic idea: -en marks the definite form for many common gender nouns.

• en gård = a yard / a farm / a courtyard
• gården = the yard / the farm / the courtyard

So both flugtretningen and gården are definite nouns.

Mod usually means toward or in the direction of.

That is slightly different from English to, which can sometimes suggest actually arriving at the destination.

• mod gården = toward the yard / in the direction of the yard

So mod focuses on direction, not necessarily on reaching the place.

This makes sense in a sentence about an escape route or direction of movement.

A useful basic distinction is:

• mod = toward, in the direction of
• til = to, to/toward a destination, often with stronger focus on arrival

Examples:

• Vi går mod stationen. = We are walking toward the station.
• Vi går til stationen. = We are going to the station.

In real Danish, there can be overlap, but in your sentence mod is natural because it describes a direction.

The structure is:

• Flugtretningen = subject
• er = verb
• mod gården = prepositional phrase describing direction

So it is simply:

Subject + verb + prepositional phrase

This is a very normal Danish sentence pattern:

• Udgangen er til venstre.
• Bilen er foran huset.
• Flugtretningen er mod gården.

Er is the present tense of at være = to be.

It links the subject to the description:

• Flugtretningen = the escape direction
• er mod gården = is toward the yard

So er works just like English is in this sentence.

A rough guide for an English speaker:

• går- sounds somewhat like gor or gore, but with a Danish vowel quality
• -den is often pronounced quite lightly, something like -thən or -dən, depending on the speaker

A very rough approximation is:

GOR-thən

A few pronunciation points:

• å is usually like the vowel in English more or saw, though not exactly the same
• Danish d in the middle of a word is often softer than English d
• the final -en is often reduced in natural speech

It can mean several related things, depending on context:

• yard
• courtyard
• farm / farmstead

In your sentence, because of mod gården and the idea of a direction, it will usually be understood as something like the courtyard or the yard.

This is common in Danish: one noun can cover several nearby meanings, and context tells you which one is intended.

Yes, that can also work, but it means something slightly different in feel.

• Flugtretningen er mod gården. = The escape direction is toward the yard.
• Flugtretningen går mod gården. = The escape route/direction goes toward the yard.

With er, you are describing the direction more statically. With går, you are describing how the route or path runs.

Both can be natural depending on context.

In Danish, yes/no questions usually invert the subject and the verb.

Statement:

• Flugtretningen er mod gården.

Question:

• Er flugtretningen mod gården?

So Danish works a bit like English Is the escape direction toward the yard?

You would normally use ikke.

• Flugtretningen er ikke mod gården. = The escape direction is not toward the yard.

In a simple sentence like this, ikke usually comes after the verb:

• er ikke

It sounds somewhat practical or instructional, not especially casual. It would fit well in contexts like:

• safety instructions
• building signage
• emergency planning
• technical descriptions

In everyday conversation, a person might choose other wording depending on the situation, but the sentence itself is completely normal Danish.