Bowlingkuglen vælter ni kegler.

Because Danish usually writes compound nouns as a single word.

So:

• bowling
  • kugle = bowlingkugle

This is very common in Danish. Where English often uses two words, Danish often prefers one compound word.

Examples:

• en bowlingkugle = a bowling ball
• en fodboldkamp = a football match
• et spisebord = a dining table

It is capitalized only because it is the first word of the sentence.

Unlike German, Danish does not capitalize all nouns. So in the middle of a sentence, it would normally be:

• bowlingkuglen

not

• Bowlingkuglen

That ending marks the definite singular: the bowling ball.

The basic noun is:

• en bowlingkugle = a bowling ball

The definite form is:

• bowlingkuglen = the bowling ball

Danish often puts the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word.

Why only -n and not a full -en in writing? Because nouns ending in unstressed -e often just add -n:

• en kugle → kuglen
• en dreng? no, different pattern
• en pige → pigen

So bowlingkugle becomes bowlingkuglen.

Vælter is the present tense of the verb vælte.

• at vælte = to knock over / to topple
• vælter = knocks over / topples

So the sentence uses the present tense:

• Bowlingkuglen vælter ni kegler.
• The bowling ball knocks over nine pins.

A very common pattern in Danish is:

• infinitive: -e
• present tense: -er

So:

• vægte → vægter? no, different meaning
• vælte → vælter

No. Danish verbs do not change for person or number in the present tense.

So you get:

• jeg vælter
• du vælter
• han vælter
• vi vælter

The form stays vælter every time.

That is simpler than English, where you have a special form like he knocks but I knock.

After a number, Danish normally uses the indefinite plural.

So:

• ni kegler = nine pins

The noun is:

• en kegle = a pin
• kegler = pins

If you said keglerne, that would mean the pins.

So:

• ni kegler = nine pins
• de ni kegler = the nine pins
• keglerne = the pins

In this sentence, the normal choice is ni kegler.

It is the plural of kegle.

• en kegle = a pin
• kegler = pins

Many Danish nouns ending in -e form the plural with -r:

• kugle → kugler
• kegle → kegler
• pige → piger

So this is a very common plural pattern.

A rough English-friendly pronunciation is:

• vælter ≈ VEL-tuh

The æ sound is somewhat like the vowel in English cat, though not exactly the same.

A few helpful points:

• v sounds like English v
• æ is an open front vowel, roughly eh/a as in cat
• the final -er is usually weak and unstressed, often like uh

So if you say something close to VEL-tuh, that is a useful starting point.

Here it means to knock over or to topple.

In a bowling context, vælte kegler is very natural Danish for knocking the pins down.

It can be used both:

• transitively: to make something fall over
  
  • Bowlingkuglen vælter ni kegler.
• intransitively: to fall over
  
  • Keglerne vælter. = The pins fall over.

So in this sentence, the bowling ball is the thing that causes the pins to fall.

This sentence has the basic Danish main-clause order:

• subject + verb + object

So:

• Bowlingkuglen = subject
• vælter = verb
• ni kegler = object

That part is straightforward.

The bigger rule to remember is that Danish main clauses are usually V2 (the finite verb comes second). In this sentence, the subject comes first, so the verb naturally comes right after it.

For example, if another element came first, the verb would still stay in second position:

• I dag vælter bowlingkuglen ni kegler.

So this sentence is simple, but it also fits an important Danish word-order rule.