يبرز بطاقة الهوية؛ يصف الأعراض؛ تقيس الممرضة درجة الحرارة.

In MSA, the verb itself usually tells you the subject.

• يبرز = he presents/shows
• يصف = he describes

The hidden subject is هو (he). Arabic often leaves subject pronouns unstated because the verb form already includes person, gender, and number.

So:

• يبرز بطاقة الهوية = He presents the ID card
• يصف الأعراض = He describes the symptoms

A separate هو would usually only be added for emphasis.

Because the subject is الممرضة (the nurse), which is feminine.

• تقيس = she measures
• الممرضة = the nurse (feminine)

So the verb must be feminine singular:

• تقيس الممرضة درجة الحرارة

If the subject were masculine, you would use يقيس instead.

This is a very common MSA word order: verb + subject + object.

So:

• تقيس الممرضة درجة الحرارة = literally Measures the nurse the temperature

In smoother English, of course, it means The nurse measures the temperature.

Arabic can also say:

• الممرضة تقيس درجة الحرارة

That order is also correct, but verb-first is especially common in formal written Arabic.

Because both are the first word in an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construction or noun-noun possession structure.

Examples here:

• بطاقة الهوية = ID card
• درجة الحرارة = temperature (literally degree of the heat)

In an iḍāfa:

1. The first noun usually does not take الـ
2. The second noun determines whether the whole phrase is definite

So:

• بطاقة الهوية is definite because الهوية is definite
• درجة الحرارة is definite because الحرارة is definite

This is why you do not say البطاقة الهوية or الدرجة الحرارة in standard Arabic.

Yes.

Both are noun + noun combinations where the first noun is linked to the second:

• بطاقة الهوية = card of identity → ID card
• درجة الحرارة = degree of heat → temperature

This structure is extremely common in Arabic and is one of the first major grammar patterns learners need to recognize.

A few key signs of iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually has no الـ
• the second noun is in the genitive
• the whole phrase can be definite if the second noun is definite

They are all direct objects, so in fully vowelled MSA they would be in the accusative.

Fully marked, the sentence would look like this:

• يُبرِزُ بطاقةَ الهويةِ
• يَصِفُ الأعراضَ
• تَقيسُ الممرضةُ درجةَ الحرارةِ

So:

• بطاقةَ = accusative
• الأعراضَ = accusative
• درجةَ = accusative

In normal everyday writing, these short vowels are usually omitted, so learners have to infer the case from the sentence structure.

Because they are the second noun in an iḍāfa construction.

In iḍāfa, the second noun is always genitive. So:

• بطاقةُ/بطاقةَ الهويةِ
• درجةُ/درجةَ الحرارةِ

The exact ending on the first noun depends on its role in the sentence, but the second noun stays genitive because of the iḍāfa relationship.

Context tells you.

Without short vowels, يبرز could be read in more than one way. Here, because it takes بطاقة الهوية as an object and the meaning is present/show, it is read as:

• يُبرِزُ = he presents / he shows

This is from أبرز.

A different pronunciation, يَبرُزُ, would mean something like he stands out / appears / emerges, which does not fit this sentence.

So in this context:

• يُبرِزُ بطاقةَ الهويةِ = he presents the ID card

Because it refers to a specific, understood set of symptoms in the situation.

In context, this usually means the symptoms the patient has. Arabic often uses الـ where English might use:

• a bare plural: symptoms
• or a possessive: his symptoms

So يصف الأعراض is natural in context.

If you wanted to make the possessive explicit, you could also say:

• يصف أعراضه = he describes his symptoms

Both are possible, but الأعراض works well when the symptoms are already understood from the situation.

Grammatically, the verbs are in the imperfect form, which often corresponds to the present tense in English. But in MSA, this form can do more than one job.

Here it can describe:

• a current action
• a routine action
• a step in a process

So in a medical or administrative context, these clauses may be understood as a sequence of typical actions:

• he presents the ID card
• he describes the symptoms
• the nurse measures the temperature

This is very normal usage in Arabic.

The Arabic semicolon ؛ is commonly used in formal writing to separate related clauses.

Here it separates short, connected actions:

• يبرز بطاقة الهوية؛
• يصف الأعراض؛
• تقيس الممرضة درجة الحرارة.

It gives the sentence a neat, procedural feel, almost like listing steps.

You could also link the clauses with و (and) in another version, but the semicolons make the sequence clearer and more formal.