الممرضة تقيس درجة الحرارة.

A careful MSA pronunciation is:

al-mumarriḍatu taqīsu darajata al-ḥarārati

A few notes:

• الممرضة = al-mumarriḍatu
• تقيس = taqīsu
• درجة الحرارة = darajata al-ḥarārati

In normal pausing speech, the case endings are often not pronounced, so you may hear something closer to:

al-mumarriḍa taqīs darajat al-ḥarāra

Also:

• ḍ represents ض
• ḥ represents ح, a stronger h sound from the throat

Because the subject الممرضة is feminine singular.

In the present tense:

• هو يقيس = he measures
• هي تقيس = she measures

Since الممرضة means the nurse and is grammatically feminine, the verb must match it:

• الممرضة تقيس = feminine singular subject + feminine singular verb

تقيس is the present tense (also called the imperfect) of the verb قاس / يقيس, meaning to measure.

Here it is in a few forms:

• أنا أقيس = I measure
• أنتَ تقيس = you measure (masculine)
• أنتِ تقيسين = you measure (feminine)
• هو يقيس = he measures
• هي تقيس = she measures

So in this sentence, تقيس specifically means she measures.

It can mean either, depending on context.

In MSA, the present tense often covers both:

• she measures
• she is measuring

So this sentence could describe:

• a general action or job-related habit, or
• an action happening right now

Context tells you which is intended.

Because درجة الحرارة is an iḍāfa construction, often called a construct phrase.

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take الـ
• the second noun can be definite with الـ
• the whole phrase can still be definite

So:

• درجة الحرارة literally looks like degree of the heat
• but idiomatically it means the temperature

That is why you get:

• الممرضة with الـ
• درجة without الـ
• الحرارة with الـ

It is an iḍāfa phrase: two nouns linked together.

Breakdown:

• درجة = degree
• الحرارة = the heat

Together:

• درجة الحرارة = temperature

Important features of iḍāfa:

• the first noun (درجة) does not take الـ
• the second noun (الحرارة) is in the genitive
• the whole phrase acts like one unit

In this sentence, that whole unit is the direct object of the verb تقيس.

In fully vocalized MSA, the sentence is:

الممرضةُ تَقيسُ دَرَجةَ الحَرارةِ

Here is why:

• الممرضةُ: -u because it is the subject and therefore nominative
• تقيسُ: -u because it is a present-tense verb in the normal indicative
• درجةَ: -a because it is the direct object, so it is accusative
• الحرارةِ: -i because it is the second term of an iḍāfa, so it is genitive

In everyday reading or speech, these final short vowels are often not pronounced.

Because it is the second noun in an iḍāfa.

In Arabic, the second part of an iḍāfa is always in the genitive. So:

• درجةُ الحرارةِ
• درجةَ الحرارةِ
• درجةِ الحرارةِ

The case on درجة can change depending on its role in the sentence, but الحرارةِ stays genitive because it is the second noun in the construct.

Yes.

Both are correct:

• الممرضة تقيس درجة الحرارة
• تقيس الممرضة درجة الحرارة

The difference is mainly word order and focus:

• الممرضة تقيس... puts the subject first, a bit like The nurse is measuring...
• تقيس الممرضة... begins with the verb, which is also very common in Arabic

So Arabic allows more flexibility than English here.

For a learner, the simplest answer is:

• it is a sentence with subject + verb + object

More traditionally, because it begins with a noun (الممرضة), some grammar descriptions treat it as a nominal sentence whose predicate is a verbal phrase.

So you may see two ways of talking about it:

• practical learner view: subject-first sentence
• traditional grammar view: noun-initial sentence with a verbal predicate

You do not need that distinction to understand or use the sentence correctly.

Because ح is a moon letter, not a sun letter.

With moon letters, the ل of الـ is pronounced:

• الحرارة = al-ḥarāra

If it were a sun letter, the ل would assimilate and you would not hear it clearly.

So here you should pronounce the article as al-, not as a doubled next consonant.

That letter is ة, called tāʾ marbūṭa.

Its pronunciation depends on context:

• in pause, it is usually pronounced like -a or -ah
• when followed by grammatical endings or when connected in certain structures, it behaves like -t

So:

• الممرضة in pause: al-mumarriḍa
• fully vocalized: al-mumarriḍatu
• درجة الحرارة when connected: darajatu / darajata al-ḥarāra...

That is why learners sometimes hear both an a sound and a t sound from the same written letter.

Yes, it is a very common and standard way to say temperature in MSA.

You may also see الحرارة by itself in some contexts, but:

• درجة الحرارة is more explicit and precise
• it is especially common in medical, scientific, and everyday formal Arabic

So in a sentence about a nurse taking someone’s temperature, درجة الحرارة is very natural.

الممرضة comes from the root م ر ض, which is connected with illness/sickness.

Related words include:

• مريض = sick, ill; patient
• مرض = illness, disease
• ممرّض = male nurse
• ممرّضة = female nurse

So الممرضة is the feminine form meaning the nurse.