أمي تحب الفاكهة، لكنها لا تريد تفاحا الآن.

It is أم (mother) + the suffix ـي (my), so أمي means my mother.

In fully vowelled Arabic, it is أُمِّي (ʾummī). The doubled m sound is shown by a shadda, but short vowels and shadda are often left out in normal writing.

In the present tense, تـ can mark several forms, including third-person feminine singular.

So here:

• تحب = she likes
• تريد = she wants

Because the subject is أمي (my mother), the meaning is clearly feminine: she.

It can mean either likes or loves, depending on context.

With something like fruit, English usually says likes, so أمي تحب الفاكهة is naturally understood as My mother likes fruit rather than My mother loves fruit.

Arabic often uses الـ with nouns when talking about a whole category in general.

So الفاكهة here means fruit as a general class, not necessarily the fruit in a specific situation.

This is very common in Arabic. English often uses a bare noun for general meaning, while Arabic often prefers the definite form.

It means but she.

More literally, it is:

• لكنّ = but/however
• ها = she / her / it depending on context

Here it refers back to أمي, so it means but she.

In fully vowelled writing, it is لكنَّها (lakinnahā).

Arabic does not use do/does the way English does for negation.

Instead, Arabic simply puts لا before the present-tense verb:

• تريد = she wants
• لا تريد = she does not want

So لا directly negates the verb.

Because the verb already tells you the subject is third-person feminine singular.

So:

• تحب already includes the idea of she likes
• تريد already includes the idea of she wants

Arabic can add هي (she) for emphasis, but it is not necessary. In this sentence, لكنها already makes the subject clear again in the second clause.

Because it means apple(s) in an indefinite, non-specific sense, not the apples.

That fits the meaning well: she does not want any apples / apple right now, rather than some specific apples already known to the listener.

So the contrast is:

• الفاكهة = fruit in general
• تفاحًا = apple(s), indefinite and unspecified

تفاح is often used as a collective or generic noun for apples / apple fruit.

So it does not work exactly like a normal English count noun.

Useful comparison:

• تفاحة = one apple
• تفاحات = apples as a regular countable plural
• تفاح = apples / apple fruit in a general or mass-like sense

That is why تفاحًا here can naturally be translated as apples.

Because it is the direct object of تريد, so it is in the accusative case.

In fully vowelled Arabic, it is تُفّاحًا (tuffāḥan).

The ending ًا shows:

• it is indefinite
• it is accusative

The extra written ا is a normal spelling feature with this ending.

Because الآن is simply the standard Arabic word for now.

Here, الـ is just part of the word's fixed form. You do not need to translate it separately as the.

So learners should usually treat الآن as one whole word meaning now.

Yes. Arabic allows more flexibility than English.

This sentence begins with أمي, which makes my mother the topic:

• أمي تحب الفاكهة

Arabic could also use a more verb-first order in some contexts, but the version given is very natural and common.

Starting with أمي feels a bit like setting up the topic first: As for my mother, she likes fruit...

A fully vowelled version is:

أُمِّي تُحِبُّ الفاكهةَ، لكنَّها لا تُرِيدُ تُفّاحًا الآنَ.

A careful pronunciation is:

ʾummī tuḥibbu al-fākihata, lakinnahā lā turīdu tuffāḥan al-ʾāna

In everyday reading, many speakers do not fully pronounce all final case endings, especially when pausing.