أين تسكن صديقتك الآن، في هذه المدينة أم في مدينة أخرى؟

أين means where and it’s a question word (an interrogative adverb of place). In Arabic it very commonly comes first in the sentence, like Where…? in English. In fully vowelled MSA you may see it as أينَ.

تسكن here is 3rd person feminine singular (she lives), matching صديقتك (your (female) friend). Arabic often puts the verb before the subject, so تسكن صديقتك literally reads like lives your friend = your friend lives.

تسكنين means you (feminine) live (2nd person feminine singular).
But the sentence is asking about your friend, not addressing a female “you”, so it uses تسكن = she lives.

صديقة = female friend.
The ـك attached at the end is a pronoun meaning your. So صديقتك = your (female) friend.

In fully vowelled MSA, the ending can distinguish who “your” refers to:

• صديقتُكَ = your (masculine) friend / addressed to a male
• صديقتُكِ = your (masculine) friend / addressed to a female
  In normal unvowelled writing, both appear as صديقتك.

Yes. الآن (now) often comes after the part it relates to, but it’s flexible. Common options:

• أين تسكن صديقتك الآن؟ (very natural)
• أين تسكن الآن صديقتك؟ (also possible, a bit more “written”/emphatic)
• الآن أين تسكن صديقتك؟ (fronting الآن adds emphasis: Now, where…?)

• في هذه المدينة = in this city (specific/definite: this particular city)
• في مدينة أخرى = in another city (non-specific/indefinite: some other city)

That’s why المدينة is definite (because هذه points to a specific thing), while مدينة is indefinite (because it’s “another (unspecified) city”).

Because مدينة (city) is grammatically feminine in Arabic, so it takes the feminine demonstrative:

• هذه المدينة = this city
• هذا is for masculine nouns (e.g., هذا البيت = this house)

أم is typically used in either/or questions where the speaker is presenting two alternatives and expecting one of them as an answer:

• … في هذه المدينة أم في مدينة أخرى؟ = …in this city or in another city? (choice question)

أو can mean or too, but it’s more common in non-question alternatives or when the “choice” feel is weaker/less structured. In this exact pattern, أم is the standard MSA choice.

The most standard MSA patterns are:

• أين تسكن صديقتك الآن؟ (verb–subject; very common)
• أين صديقتك تسكن الآن؟ (subject–verb; possible but less “textbook standard” and can sound more colloquial/marked)

Verb–subject is especially common when the subject is a full noun phrase like صديقتك.

Most Arabic writing omits short vowels and case endings, so you see: أين تسكن صديقتك الآن، في هذه المدينة أم في مدينة أخرى؟

In careful, fully vowelled MSA it could be read like: أينَ تسكنُ صديقتُكَ الآنَ، في هذهِ المدينةِ أم في مدينةٍ أُخرى؟

In everyday reading/speaking of MSA, many speakers reduce or drop most case endings, but in formal recitation/news-style reading they may be pronounced more consistently.

أخرى means another (feminine), matching مدينة (feminine).
It’s the feminine form of آخر (masculine other/last). It ends with ى (alif maqṣūra), which is pronounced like a long ā sound: ukh-rā.